North Far North Careers

Looking for a career in the North Far North region of California? We can help you find a career that's right for you—and the education you need to get there. Get started on your new career path today!

Energy, Construction and Utilities

Climate change has forced Californians to rethink how we design homes and buildings, the energy we use to power them, and the methods and systems we use to deliver that energy.

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View data from the:

Region
115,617
2023 Jobs
+7%
2023–2028 Projected Change
26.33/hr.
2023 Avg. Entry Level Wage

Top jobs that Require Community College Credentials

How much will I make per hour?

What can I train for? Job openings per year Entry-level Median Experienced
Carpenters 1,226 $22.05 $29.97 $38.57 View programs
Electricians 856 $24.80 $34.28 $46.58 View programs
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 700 $33.95 $41.75 $53.31 View programs
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers 430 $23.22 $29.06 $36.84
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters 421 $22.74 $29.09 $38.82 View programs
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators 370 $29.78 $38.26 $55.42 View programs
Construction and Building Inspectors 145 $32.91 $44.12 $50.54 View programs
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers 127 $28.22 $33.88 $41.16 View programs
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators 114 $32.59 $39.74 $48.57 View programs
Solar Photovoltaic Installers 108 $21.50 $24.63 $29.10
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers 101 $39.25 $53.79 $67.18
Architectural and Civil Drafters 89 $28.30 $33.15 $39.13 View programs
Sheet Metal Workers 78 $22.77 $30.04 $50.37 View programs
Structural Iron and Steel Workers 68 $23.87 $34.26 $45.16 View programs

Carpenters

Job openings per year:

1,226

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $22.05/hr.
  • Median: $29.97/hr.
  • Experienced: $38.57/hr.

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Electricians

Job openings per year:

856

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $24.80/hr.
  • Median: $34.28/hr.
  • Experienced: $46.58/hr.

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First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

Job openings per year:

700

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $33.95/hr.
  • Median: $41.75/hr.
  • Experienced: $53.31/hr.

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Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Job openings per year:

430

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $23.22/hr.
  • Median: $29.06/hr.
  • Experienced: $36.84/hr.

Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Job openings per year:

421

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $22.74/hr.
  • Median: $29.09/hr.
  • Experienced: $38.82/hr.

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Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

Job openings per year:

370

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $29.78/hr.
  • Median: $38.26/hr.
  • Experienced: $55.42/hr.

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Construction and Building Inspectors

Job openings per year:

145

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $32.91/hr.
  • Median: $44.12/hr.
  • Experienced: $50.54/hr.

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Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

Job openings per year:

127

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $28.22/hr.
  • Median: $33.88/hr.
  • Experienced: $41.16/hr.

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Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators

Job openings per year:

114

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $32.59/hr.
  • Median: $39.74/hr.
  • Experienced: $48.57/hr.

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Solar Photovoltaic Installers

Job openings per year:

108

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $21.50/hr.
  • Median: $24.63/hr.
  • Experienced: $29.10/hr.

Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers

Job openings per year:

101

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $39.25/hr.
  • Median: $53.79/hr.
  • Experienced: $67.18/hr.

Architectural and Civil Drafters

Job openings per year:

89

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $28.30/hr.
  • Median: $33.15/hr.
  • Experienced: $39.13/hr.

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Sheet Metal Workers

Job openings per year:

78

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $22.77/hr.
  • Median: $30.04/hr.
  • Experienced: $50.37/hr.

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Structural Iron and Steel Workers

Job openings per year:

68

How much will I make?

  • Entry-level: $23.87/hr.
  • Median: $34.26/hr.
  • Experienced: $45.16/hr.

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Top Employers & Skills

Employers

  • State of California
  • University of California
  • WSP Global
  • AECOM
  • PG&E
  • Stantec
  • United States Department of Energy
  • FPI Management
  • Dish
  • City of Sacramento
  • Marriott International
  • HDR
  • United States Department of Transportation
  • Official Pest Prevention
  • CDM Smith
  • Blue Mountain Air Incorporated
  • California State Water Resources Control Board
  • Palisades Tahoe
  • GEI Consultants
  • Black & Veatch

Specialized skills

  • Construction
  • Project Management
  • Plumbing
  • HVAC
  • Carpentry
  • Painting
  • Power Tool Operation
  • Hand Tools
  • Subcontracting
  • Construction Management

Technology & software skills

  • Microsoft Office (Access, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, Word)
  • AutoCAD
  • Autodesk Revit
  • AutoCAD Civil 3D
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Spreadsheets
  • MicroStation (CAD Design Software)
  • Microsoft Project
  • ArcGIS (GIS Software)
  • Procore

Employability skills

  • Communication
  • Management
  • Customer Service
  • Operations
  • Troubleshooting (Problem Solving)
  • Detail Oriented
  • Good Driving Record
  • Leadership
  • Lifting Ability
  • Planning

Source: Lightcast 2024.3; QCEW, non-QCEW, Self-Employed. Compiled by the North/Far North Center of Excellence for Labor Market Research. 

Carpenters

Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood and comparable materials, such as concrete forms; building frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; and wood stairways, window and door frames, and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall, and batt or roll insulation. Includes brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground passageways.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Bridge Carpenter, Cabinet Maker, Carpenter, Concrete Carpenter, Construction Carpenter, Form Carpenter, Framer, Maintenance Carpenter, Rough Carpenter, Scaffold Builder

Tasks:

  • Follow established safety rules and regulations and maintain a safe and clean environment.
  • Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.
  • Assemble and fasten materials to make frameworks or props, using hand tools and wood screws, nails, dowel pins, or glue.
  • Study specifications in blueprints, sketches, or building plans to prepare project layout and determine dimensions and materials required.
  • Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Clean work sites.
  • Mark reference points on construction materials.
  • Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.
  • Assemble temporary equipment or structures.
  • Cut wood components for installation.

Work Context:

  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 94% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 84% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 70% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 68% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Time Pressure — 55% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 64% responded “Very important results.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 57% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 59% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 54% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 70% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Telephone — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 50% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “40 hours.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 33% responded “Important.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 35% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 31% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 27% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 26% responded “Extremely competitive.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 40% responded “About half the time.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 27% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 31% responded “About half the time.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 48% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Never.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 29% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 94% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 84% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 70% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 68% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Time Pressure — 55% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 64% responded “Very important results.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 57% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 59% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 54% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 70% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Telephone — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 50% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “40 hours.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 33% responded “Important.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 35% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 31% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 27% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 26% responded “Extremely competitive.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 40% responded “About half the time.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 27% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 31% responded “About half the time.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 48% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Never.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 29% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
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Electricians

Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical control systems.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Control Electrician, Electrical Journey Person, Electrical Troubleshooter, Electrician, Housing Maintenance Electrician, Industrial Electrician, Inside Wireman, Maintenance Electrician, Paper Mill Electrician, Wireman

Tasks:

  • Prepare sketches or follow blueprints to determine the location of wiring or equipment and to ensure conformance to building and safety codes.
  • Place conduit, pipes, or tubing, inside designated partitions, walls, or other concealed areas, and pull insulated wires or cables through the conduit to complete circuits between boxes.
  • Work from ladders, scaffolds, or roofs to install, maintain, or repair electrical wiring, equipment, or fixtures.
  • Use a variety of tools or equipment, such as power construction equipment, measuring devices, power tools, and testing equipment, such as oscilloscopes, ammeters, or test lamps.
  • Assemble, install, test, or maintain electrical or electronic wiring, equipment, appliances, apparatus, or fixtures, using hand tools or power tools.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Create construction or installation diagrams.
  • Thread wire or cable through ducts or conduits.
  • Repair electrical equipment.
  • Test electrical equipment or systems to ensure proper functioning.
  • Install electrical components, equipment, or systems.

Work Context:

  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 96% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 93% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 78% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 70% responded “Very important results.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 84% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 69% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 66% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team
  • Exposed to Contaminants
  • Freedom to Make Decisions
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  • Telephone — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 65% responded “Every day.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 76% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 27% responded “Important.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 69% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 27% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 24% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 66% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Electronic Mail — 24% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 22% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 23% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 19% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 13% responded “Never.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 26% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week
  • Exposed to High Places
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 30% responded “Very important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 15% responded “Not serious at all.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 20% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 25% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 27% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 15% responded “Never.”
  • Level of Competition — 24% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Physical Proximity
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 96% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 93% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 78% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 70% responded “Very important results.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 84% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 69% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 66% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team
  • Exposed to Contaminants
  • Freedom to Make Decisions
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  • Telephone — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 65% responded “Every day.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 76% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 27% responded “Important.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 69% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 27% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 24% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 66% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Electronic Mail — 24% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 22% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 23% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 19% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 13% responded “Never.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 26% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week
  • Exposed to High Places
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 30% responded “Very important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 15% responded “Not serious at all.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 20% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 25% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 27% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 15% responded “Never.”
  • Level of Competition — 24% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Physical Proximity
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First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construction or extraction workers.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Coal Mine Production Foreman, Construction Foreman, Construction Supervisor, Electrical Supervisor, Field Operations Supervisor, Field Supervisor, Insulation Foreman, Roustabout Field Supervisor, Sheet Metal Foreman, Site Superintendent

Tasks:

  • Inspect work progress, equipment, or construction sites to verify safety or to ensure that specifications are met.
  • Read specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures.
  • Supervise, coordinate, or schedule the activities of construction or extractive workers.
  • Assign work to employees, based on material or worker requirements of specific jobs.
  • Coordinate work activities with other construction project activities.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Evaluate projects to determine compliance with technical specifications.
  • Inspect equipment or tools to be used in construction or excavation.
  • Monitor construction operations.
  • Direct construction or extraction personnel.
  • Coordinate construction project activities.

Work Context:

  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 97% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Telephone — 94% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 90% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 86% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 78% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 78% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 66% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 60% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Electronic Mail — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 50% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “More than 40 hours.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 52% responded “Very important.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 61% responded “Every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 40% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 46% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 49% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 68% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Deal With External Customers — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 53% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Letters and Memos — 41% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 41% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 34% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 37% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 29% responded “Very serious.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 46% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 39% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 48% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 41% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 97% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Telephone — 94% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 90% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 86% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 78% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 78% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 66% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 60% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Electronic Mail — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 50% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “More than 40 hours.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 52% responded “Very important.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 61% responded “Every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 40% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 46% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 49% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 68% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Deal With External Customers — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 53% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Letters and Memos — 41% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 41% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 34% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 37% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 29% responded “Very serious.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 46% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 39% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 48% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 41% responded “Less than half the time.”
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Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

Install or repair heating, central air conditioning, HVAC, or refrigeration systems, including oil burners, hot-air furnaces, and heating stoves.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: A/C Tech (Air Conditioning Technician), HVAC Installer (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Installer), HVAC Mechanic (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Mechanic), HVAC Service Tech (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Service Technician), HVAC Specialist (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Specialist), HVAC Tech (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Technician), Refrigeration Mechanic, Refrigeration Operator, Refrigeration Technician (Refrigeration Tech), Service Technician (Service Tech)

Tasks:

  • Test electrical circuits or components for continuity, using electrical test equipment.
  • Comply with all applicable standards, policies, or procedures, such as safety procedures or the maintenance of a clean work area.
  • Study blueprints, design specifications, or manufacturers’ recommendations to ascertain the configuration of heating or cooling equipment components and to ensure the proper installation of components.
  • Discuss heating or cooling system malfunctions with users to isolate problems or to verify that repairs corrected malfunctions.
  • Connect heating or air conditioning equipment to fuel, water, or refrigerant source to form complete circuit.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Test electrical circuits or components for proper functioning.
  • Determine operational compliance with regulations or standards.
  • Interpret blueprints, specifications, or diagrams to inform installation, development or operation activities.
  • Confer with customers or users to assess problems.
  • Install heating, ventilation, or air conditioning (HVAC) equipment.

Work Context:

  • Telephone — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 62% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 78% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 72% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 71% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 54% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 44% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Important results.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 53% responded “Very important.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 43% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 51% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 41% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 48% responded “Every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Electronic Mail — 47% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 46% responded “Very important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 35% responded “Very serious.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 48% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 60% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “40 hours.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 28% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 27% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 29% responded “About half the time.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 49% responded “About half the time.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 38% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Level of Competition — 31% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 55% responded “About half the time.”
  • Telephone — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 62% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 78% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 72% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 71% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 54% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 44% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Important results.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 53% responded “Very important.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 43% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 44% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 51% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 41% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 48% responded “Every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Electronic Mail — 47% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 46% responded “Very important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 35% responded “Very serious.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 48% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 60% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “40 hours.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 28% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 27% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 29% responded “About half the time.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 49% responded “About half the time.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 38% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Level of Competition — 31% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 55% responded “About half the time.”
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Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems. Includes sprinkler fitters.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Drain Technician, Fire Sprinkler Service Technician, Pipe Welder, Pipefitter, Plumber, Plumbing Installer, Residential Plumber, Service Plumber, Sprinkler Fitter, Steamfitter

Tasks:

  • Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or wrenches.
  • Install underground storm, sanitary, or water piping systems, extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.
  • Assemble pipe sections, tubing, or fittings, using couplings, clamps, screws, bolts, cement, plastic solvent, caulking, or soldering, brazing, or welding equipment.
  • Locate and mark the position of pipe installations, connections, passage holes, or fixtures in structures, using measuring instruments such as rulers or levels.
  • Cut, thread, or hammer pipes to specifications, using tools such as saws, cutting torches, pipe threaders, or pipe benders.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Install plumbing or piping.
  • Maintain plumbing structures or fixtures.
  • Weld metal components.
  • Mark reference points on construction materials.
  • Measure materials or objects for installation or assembly.

Work Context:

  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 91% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 86% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 75% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 65% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 61% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 50% responded “Very important results.”
  • Time Pressure — 57% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 54% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 41% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 53% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Telephone — 45% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 44% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 46% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 47% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 67% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 38% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 32% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 36% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 43% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 59% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 36% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 73% responded “40 hours.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 38% responded “About half the time.”
  • Electronic Mail — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 35% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 40% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 29% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 31% responded “Very important.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 27% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 29% responded “Not serious at all.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 91% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 86% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 75% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 65% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 61% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 50% responded “Very important results.”
  • Time Pressure — 57% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 54% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 41% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 53% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Telephone — 45% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 44% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 46% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 47% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 67% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 38% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 32% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 36% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 43% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Level of Competition — 59% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 36% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 73% responded “40 hours.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 38% responded “About half the time.”
  • Electronic Mail — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 35% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 40% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 29% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 31% responded “Very important.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 27% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Consequence of Error — 29% responded “Not serious at all.”
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Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

Operate one or several types of power construction equipment, such as motor graders, bulldozers, scrapers, compressors, pumps, derricks, shovels, tractors, or front-end loaders to excavate, move, and grade earth, erect structures, or pour concrete or other hard surface pavement. May repair and maintain equipment in addition to other duties.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Back Hoe Operator, Engineering Equipment Operator, Equipment Operator (EO), Forklift Operator, Heavy Equipment Operator (HEO), Hot Mix Asphalt Operator, Machine Operator, Motor Grader Operator, Operating Engineer, Track Hoe Operator

Tasks:

  • Learn and follow safety regulations.
  • Take actions to avoid potential hazards or obstructions, such as utility lines, other equipment, other workers, or falling objects.
  • Start engines, move throttles, switches, or levers, or depress pedals to operate machines, such as bulldozers, trench excavators, road graders, or backhoes.
  • Coordinate machine actions with other activities, positioning or moving loads in response to hand or audio signals from crew members.
  • Align machines, cutterheads, or depth gauge makers with reference stakes and guidelines or ground or position equipment, following hand signals of other workers.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Update job related knowledge or skills.
  • Position construction or extraction equipment.
  • Monitor construction operations.
  • Operate equipment or vehicles to clear construction sites or move materials.
  • Move construction or extraction materials to locations where they are needed.

Work Context:

  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 98% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 95% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 84% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 80% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 67% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 66% responded “Very important results.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 68% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 65% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 19% responded “High responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 47% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Telephone — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week
  • Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 47% responded “Very important.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 45% responded “Some freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — 36% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — 50% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 46% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 45% responded “Very important.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 31% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 19% responded “Never.”
  • Spend Time Sitting — 45% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Work Schedules — 47% responded “Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration).”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 32% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 98% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 95% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 84% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 80% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 67% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 66% responded “Very important results.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 68% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 65% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 19% responded “High responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 47% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Telephone — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week
  • Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 47% responded “Very important.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 45% responded “Some freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — 36% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — 50% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 46% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 45% responded “Very important.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 31% responded “Very important.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 19% responded “Never.”
  • Spend Time Sitting — 45% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Work Schedules — 47% responded “Irregular (changes with weather conditions, production demands, or contract duration).”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 32% responded “Less than half the time.”
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Construction and Building Inspectors

Inspect structures using engineering skills to determine structural soundness and compliance with specifications, building codes, and other regulations. Inspections may be general in nature or may be limited to a specific area, such as electrical systems or plumbing.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Building Code Administrator, Building Inspector, Building Official, Code Enforcement Officer, Code Inspector, Combination Building Inspector, Construction Inspector, Electrical Inspector, Plumbing Inspector, Public Works Inspector

Tasks:

  • Approve building plans that meet required specifications.
  • Review and interpret plans, blueprints, site layouts, specifications, or construction methods to ensure compliance to legal requirements and safety regulations.
  • Issue permits for construction, relocation, demolition, or occupancy.
  • Inspect bridges, dams, highways, buildings, wiring, plumbing, electrical circuits, sewers, heating systems, or foundations during and after construction for structural quality, general safety, or conformance to specifications and codes.
  • Monitor installation of plumbing, wiring, equipment, or appliances to ensure that installation is performed properly and is in compliance with applicable regulations.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Monitor construction operations.
  • Authorize construction activities.
  • Evaluate construction projects to determine compliance with external standards or regulations.
  • Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards.
  • Inspect plumbing systems or fixtures.

Work Context:

  • Electronic Mail — 96% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 92% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 75% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 68% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 80% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 64% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 48% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 60% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 58% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 40% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 52% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 40% responded “Very important.”
  • Letters and Memos — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 54% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 36% responded “Very important results.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 48% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 52% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 44% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 48% responded “About half the time.”
  • Consequence of Error — 24% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 44% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 60% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 24% responded “Very important.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 64% responded “40 hours.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 32% responded “High responsibility.”
  • Electronic Mail — 96% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 92% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 75% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 68% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 80% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 64% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 48% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 60% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 58% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 40% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 52% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 40% responded “Very important.”
  • Letters and Memos — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 54% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 36% responded “Very important results.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 48% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 52% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 44% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 48% responded “About half the time.”
  • Consequence of Error — 24% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 44% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 60% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 24% responded “Very important.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 64% responded “40 hours.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 32% responded “High responsibility.”
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Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

Install, set up, rearrange, or remove switching, distribution, routing, and dialing equipment used in central offices or headends. Service or repair telephone, cable television, Internet, and other communications equipment on customers’ property. May install communications equipment or communications wiring in buildings.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Broadband Technician, Central Office Technician, Combination Technician, Customer Service Technician (CST), Field Technician, Install and Repair Technician, Installer, Outside Plant Technician, Service Technician, Telecommunications Technician

Tasks:

  • Demonstrate equipment to customers and explain its use, responding to any inquiries or complaints.
  • Test circuits and components of malfunctioning telecommunications equipment to isolate sources of malfunctions, using test meters, circuit diagrams, polarity probes, and other hand tools.
  • Test repaired, newly installed, or updated equipment to ensure that it functions properly and conforms to specifications, using test equipment and observation.
  • Climb poles and ladders, use truck-mounted booms, and enter areas such as manholes and cable vaults to install, maintain, or inspect equipment.
  • Assemble and install communication equipment such as data and telephone communication lines, wiring, switching equipment, wiring frames, power apparatus, computer systems, and networks.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Explain use of products or services.
  • Test communications equipment to ensure proper functioning.
  • Test electrical circuits or components for proper functioning.
  • Install electrical components, equipment, or systems.
  • Assemble electrical components, subsystems, or systems.

Work Context:

  • Electronic Mail — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 88% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 73% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 52% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 63% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 70% responded “Every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 23% responded “Important.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 60% responded “Important results.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 39% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Time Pressure — 38% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 14% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 44% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 22% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 45% responded “Very important.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 33% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 54% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 62% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Physical Proximity — 40% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 37% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 28% responded “More than 40 hours.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 24% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 36% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 37% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 34% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 23% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 38% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 33% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 39% responded “Very important.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 34% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
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Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators

Operate or control an entire process or system of machines, often through the use of control boards, to transfer or treat water or wastewater.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Plant Operator, Process Operator (Process Op), Relief Operator, SCADA Operator (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Operator), Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator (WWTP Operator), Wastewater Operator (WW Operator), Water Control Dispatcher, Water Plant Operator, Water Treatment Operator, Water Treatment Plant Operator

Tasks:

  • Add chemicals, such as ammonia, chlorine, or lime, to disinfect and deodorize water and other liquids.
  • Collect and test water and sewage samples, using test equipment and color analysis standards.
  • Record operational data, personnel attendance, or meter and gauge readings on specified forms.
  • Operate and adjust controls on equipment to purify and clarify water, process or dispose of sewage, and generate power.
  • Inspect equipment or monitor operating conditions, meters, and gauges to determine load requirements and detect malfunctions.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Operate chemical processing or water treatment systems or equipment.
  • Collect samples of materials or products for testing.
  • Test chemical or physical characteristics of materials or products.
  • Record operational or production data.
  • Inspect production equipment.

Work Context:

  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 62% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Telephone — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 59% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 68% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 65% responded “Very important.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 72% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 47% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 50% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Contact With Others — 45% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 57% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 37% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 51% responded “Very important.”
  • Electronic Mail — 65% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Very important results.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 42% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Time Pressure — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 34% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 74% responded “40 hours.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 21% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 25% responded “Important.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 44% responded “About half the time.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 33% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 45% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 34% responded “Important.”
  • Degree of Automation — 43% responded “Slightly automated.”
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — 31% responded “Not important at all.”
  • Physical Proximity — 43% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 62% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Telephone — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 59% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 68% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 65% responded “Very important.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 72% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 47% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 50% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Contact With Others — 45% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 57% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 37% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 51% responded “Very important.”
  • Electronic Mail — 65% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Very important results.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 42% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Time Pressure — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 34% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 74% responded “40 hours.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 21% responded “Every day.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 25% responded “Important.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 44% responded “About half the time.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 33% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 45% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 34% responded “Important.”
  • Degree of Automation — 43% responded “Slightly automated.”
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — 31% responded “Not important at all.”
  • Physical Proximity — 43% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
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Solar Photovoltaic Installers

Assemble, install, or maintain solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on roofs or other structures in compliance with site assessment and schematics. May include measuring, cutting, assembling, and bolting structural framing and solar modules. May perform minor electrical work such as current checks.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Journeyman Electrician PV Installer (Journeyman Electrician Photovoltaic Installer), PV Installation Tech (Photovoltaic Installation Technician), PV Installer (Photovoltaic Installer), Solar Designer, Solar Electric Installer, Solar Installer, Solar Panel Installation Technician (Solar Panel Installation Tech), Solar PV Installer (Solar Photovoltaic Installer), Solar PV Integrator (Solar Photovoltaic Integrator), Solar Technician (Solar Tech)

Tasks:

  • Install photovoltaic (PV) systems in accordance with codes and standards, using drawings, schematics, and instructions.
  • Check electrical installation for proper wiring, polarity, grounding, or integrity of terminations.
  • Identify electrical, environmental, and safety hazards associated with photovoltaic (PV) installations.
  • Identify installation locations with proper orientation, area, solar access, or structural integrity for photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
  • Assemble solar modules, panels, or support structures, as specified.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Install solar energy systems.
  • Determine appropriate locations for operations or installations.
  • Select construction materials.
  • Apply sealants or other protective coatings.
  • Determine construction project layouts.

Work Context:

  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 81% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 70% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 62% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 69% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 55% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Contact With Others — 57% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
  • Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Spend Time Standing — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 58% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 42% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 49% responded “High responsibility.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 43% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 59% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 51% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 53% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 38% responded “Very important results.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 46% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Electronic Mail — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 34% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 40% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 51% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 28% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 48% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Public Speaking — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “40 hours.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 44% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 27% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 81% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 70% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 62% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 69% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 55% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Contact With Others — 57% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
  • Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Spend Time Standing — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 58% responded “Every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 42% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 67% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 49% responded “High responsibility.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 43% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 59% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 51% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 53% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 38% responded “Very important results.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Time Pressure — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 46% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Electronic Mail — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 34% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 40% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 51% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 28% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 48% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Public Speaking — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “40 hours.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 44% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 27% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
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Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers

Install or repair cables or wires used in electrical power or distribution systems. May erect poles and light or heavy duty transmission towers.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Class Gloving Electrical Lineman, Class Rubber Gloving Lineman, Electrical Lineman, Electrical Lineworker, Lineworker, Power Lineman, Power Lineman Technician, Service Man, Third Step Lineman, Troubleman

Tasks:

  • Adhere to safety practices and procedures, such as checking equipment regularly and erecting barriers around work areas.
  • Drive vehicles equipped with tools and materials to job sites.
  • Open switches or attach grounding devices to remove electrical hazards from disturbed or fallen lines or to facilitate repairs.
  • Climb poles or use truck-mounted buckets to access equipment.
  • Install, maintain, and repair electrical distribution and transmission systems, including conduits, cables, wires, and related equipment, such as transformers, circuit breakers, and switches.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Drive trucks or other vehicles to or at work sites.
  • Monitor work areas or procedures to ensure compliance with safety procedures.
  • Control power supply connections.
  • Climb equipment or structures to access work areas.
  • Inspect electrical or electronic systems for defects.

Work Context:

  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 99% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 93% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 91% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 86% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 87% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 83% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 84% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 83% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 75% responded “Every day.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 61% responded “Every day.”
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 64% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 65% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 56% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “More than 40 hours.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 54% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Physical Proximity — 78% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Time Pressure — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 67% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 63% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Electronic Mail — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 35% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 39% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 46% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 38% responded “About half the time.”
  • Level of Competition — 51% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 33% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — 26% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 38% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 36% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 28% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 40% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 99% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 93% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 91% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 86% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 87% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 83% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 81% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 84% responded “Every day.”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 83% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 63% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
  • In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 75% responded “Every day.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 61% responded “Every day.”
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 64% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 65% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 56% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “More than 40 hours.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 54% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Physical Proximity — 78% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Time Pressure — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Consequence of Error — 67% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 63% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Electronic Mail — 56% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 66% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 35% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 39% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 46% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 38% responded “About half the time.”
  • Level of Competition — 51% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 33% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Exposed to Whole Body Vibration — 26% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 38% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 36% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 28% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 40% responded “Less than half the time.”
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Architectural and Civil Drafters

Prepare detailed drawings of architectural and structural features of buildings or drawings and topographical relief maps used in civil engineering projects, such as highways, bridges, and public works. Use knowledge of building materials, engineering practices, and mathematics to complete drawings.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Architectural Designer, Architectural Drafter, Architectural Draftsman, Civil Drafter, Computer-Aided Design Designer (CAD Designer), Computer-Aided Drafting and Design Drafter (CADD Drafter), Computer-Aided Drafting Designer (CAD Designer), Drafting Technician, Draftsman, Draftsperson

Tasks:

  • Produce drawings, using computer-assisted drafting systems (CAD) or drafting machines, or by hand, using compasses, dividers, protractors, triangles, and other drafting devices.
  • Draft plans and detailed drawings for structures, installations, and construction projects, such as highways, sewage disposal systems, and dikes, working from sketches or notes.
  • Coordinate structural, electrical, and mechanical designs and determine a method of presentation to graphically represent building plans.
  • Analyze building codes, by-laws, space and site requirements, and other technical documents and reports to determine their effect on architectural designs.
  • Draw maps, diagrams, and profiles, using cross-sections and surveys, to represent elevations, topographical contours, subsurface formations, and structures.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Create graphical representations of civil structures.
  • Create graphical representations of structures or landscapes.
  • Evaluate technical data to determine effect on designs or plans.
  • Create maps.
  • Supervise engineering or other technical personnel.

Work Context:

  • Electronic Mail — How often do you use electronic mail in this job?
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — How often do you have to have face-to-face discussions with individuals or teams in this job?
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — How often does this job require working indoors in environmentally controlled conditions?
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job?
  • Spend Time Sitting — How much does this job require sitting?
  • Telephone — How often do you have telephone conversations in this job?
  • Work With Work Group or Team — How important is it to work with others in a group or team in this job?
  • Time Pressure — How often does this job require the worker to meet strict deadlines?
  • Contact With Others — How much does this job require the worker to be in contact with others (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) in order to perform it?
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — How important is it to coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities in this job?
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — How much decision making freedom, without supervision, does the job offer?
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job?
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — To what extent is this job structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals?
  • Level of Competition — To what extent does this job require the worker to compete or to be aware of competitive pressures?
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — How much does this job require making repetitive motions?
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — What results do your decisions usually have on other people or the image or reputation or financial resources of your employer?
  • Frequency of Decision Making — How frequently is the worker required to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization?
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers?
  • Letters and Memos — How often does the job require written letters and memos?
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — How much does this job require using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls?
  • Deal With External Customers — How important is it to work with external customers or the public in this job?
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Sheet Metal Workers

Fabricate, assemble, install, and repair sheet metal products and equipment, such as ducts, control boxes, drainpipes, and furnace casings. Work may involve any of the following: setting up and operating fabricating machines to cut, bend, and straighten sheet metal; shaping metal over anvils, blocks, or forms using hammer; operating soldering and welding equipment to join sheet metal parts; or inspecting, assembling, and smoothing seams and joints of burred surfaces. Includes sheet metal duct installers who install prefabricated sheet metal ducts used for heating, air conditioning, or other purposes.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Commercial Sheet Metal Service Installer, Field Installer, HVAC Sheet Metal Installer (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Sheet Metal Installer), HVAC Sheet Metal Specialist (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Sheet Metal Specialist), Sheet Metal Fabricator, Sheet Metal Installer, Sheet Metal Journeyman, Sheet Metal Layout Mechanic, Sheet Metal Mechanic, Sheet Metal Worker

Tasks:

  • Maintain equipment, making repairs or modifications when necessary.
  • Fabricate ducts for high efficiency heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to maximize efficiency of systems.
  • Fasten seams or joints together with welds, bolts, cement, rivets, solder, caulks, metal drive clips, or bonds to assemble components into products or to repair sheet metal items.
  • Transport prefabricated parts to construction sites for assembly and installation.
  • Install assemblies, such as flashing, pipes, tubes, heating and air conditioning ducts, furnace casings, rain gutters, or downspouts in supportive frameworks.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Inspect completed work to ensure proper installation.
  • Maintain construction tools or equipment.
  • Fabricate parts or components.
  • Plan layout of construction, installation, or repairs.
  • Weld metal components.

Work Context:

  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 95% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 89% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 63% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 59% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 73% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 35% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 55% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 53% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 52% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Time Pressure — 22% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Consequence of Error — 55% responded “Extremely serious.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 45% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Limited freedom.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 31% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 36% responded “Very important.”
  • Contact With Others — 33% responded “Contact with others about half the time.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 50% responded “Every day.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 72% responded “40 hours.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment — 27% responded “Fairly important.”
  • Physical Proximity — 39% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Level of Competition — 66% responded “Moderately competitive.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 15% responded “More than half the time.”
  • Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 34% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 45% responded “Important.”
  • Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 23% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 33% responded “Every day.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Moderate results.”
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Structural Iron and Steel Workers

Raise, place, and unite iron or steel girders, columns, and other structural members to form completed structures or structural frameworks. May erect metal storage tanks and assemble prefabricated metal buildings.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Fitter, Iron Worker, Ironworker, Steel Fabricator, Steel Worker, Structural Steel Erector, Tower Hand

Tasks:

  • Read specifications or blueprints to determine the locations, quantities, or sizes of materials required.
  • Connect columns, beams, and girders with bolts, following blueprints and instructions from supervisors.
  • Bolt aligned structural steel members in position for permanent riveting, bolting, or welding into place.
  • Fasten structural steel members to hoist cables, using chains, cables, or rope.
  • Hoist steel beams, girders, or columns into place, using cranes or signaling hoisting equipment operators to lift and position structural steel members.

Detailed Work Activities:

  • Review blueprints or specifications to determine work requirements.
  • Install metal structural components.
  • Operate cranes, hoists, or other moving or lifting equipment.
  • Signal equipment operators to indicate proper equipment positioning.
  • Verify alignment of structures or equipment.

Work Context:

  • Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 100% responded “Every day.”
  • Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 82% responded “Every day.”
  • Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 86% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 74% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Exposed to High Places — 79% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Standing — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Very Hot or Cold Temperatures — 69% responded “Every day.”
  • Physical Proximity — 59% responded “Very close (near touching).”
  • Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Contact With Others — 63% responded “Constant contact with others.”
  • Work With Work Group or Team — 66% responded “Extremely important.”
  • Exposed to Contaminants — 70% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Equipment — 60% responded “Every day.”
  • Face-to-Face Discussions — 71% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 60% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • Time Pressure — 57% responded “Every day.”
  • Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings — 59% responded “Every day.”
  • Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 49% responded “Very important.”
  • Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting — 50% responded “Every day.”
  • Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 44% responded “Very high responsibility.”
  • In an Open Vehicle or Equipment — 37% responded “Every day.”
  • Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions — 35% responded “Every day.”
  • Frequency of Decision Making — 47% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Walking and Running — 43% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Important results.”
  • Spend Time Bending or Twisting the Body — 37% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “Some freedom.”
  • Coordinate or Lead Others — 33% responded “Very important.”
  • Duration of Typical Work Week — 57% responded “40 hours.”
  • Level of Competition — 41% responded “Highly competitive.”
  • Consequence of Error — 32% responded “Very serious.”
  • Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
  • Structured versus Unstructured Work — 30% responded “A lot of freedom.”
  • Exposed to Hazardous Conditions — 42% responded “Every day.”
  • Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled — 43% responded “Every day.”
  • Telephone — 47% responded “Every day.”
  • Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles — 31% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance — 32% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Frequency of Conflict Situations — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
  • Outdoors, Under Cover — 34% responded “Every day.”
  • Deal With External Customers — 37% responded “Important.”
  • Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling — 53% responded “Less than half the time.”
  • Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 27% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
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The North region encompasses seven counties (El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba).

The Far North region encompasses 15 counties (Butte, Colusa, Del Norte, Glenn, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity).

Specialized skills are specific to the occupation, or group of occupations, and represent job-specific competencies.

Technical skills refer to the specific software and technology regularly encountered on the job.

Employability skills (sometimes referred to as “common skills”) are foundational skills that cross occupations and industries. Many common skills, like, communication and team work, are also considered soft skills.