Information and Communication Technologies – Digital Media

Information and Communication Technologies and Digital Media (ICT-DM) are essential to the success of businesses across all industries, enabling them to connect with customers and remain competitive in a rapidly evolving global economy. As technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) become more integrated into daily life and work, the demand for computer literacy, digital skills, and cybersecurity expertise is increasing. Cybersecurity alone in the US is projected to more than double by 2032 to an over $500 billion industry, making it one of the fastest-growing fields in the ICT sector.

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View data from the:

Region

North Far North

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49,001

2025 Jobs

+2.0%

2025–2030 Projected Change

43.15/hr.

2025 Avg. Entry Level Wage

Top jobs that Require Community College Credentials

Priority occupations are in-demand, living-wage careers that can be accessed with community college credentials.

How much will I make per hour?

What can I train for?	Job openings per year	Entry-level	Median	Experienced	Programs
Audio and Video Technicians	38	$20.34	$28.27	$36.81	View programs
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys	14	$21.26	$30.75	$50.25	View programs
Computer Network ArchitectsPriority occupation	39	$51.42	$67.65	$82.06	View programs
Computer Network Support Specialists	46	$31.38	$39.80	$51.93	View programs
Computer Programmers	38	$37.16	$48.03	$62.65	View programs
Computer Systems Analysts	237	$44.42	$58.27	$66.52	View programs
Computer User Support Specialists	868	$38.95	$50.57	$58.85	View programs
Graphic Designers	118	$23.40	$33.66	$44.47	View programs
Network and Computer Systems Administrators	82	$41.69	$50.15	$63.81	View programs
Photographers	103	$16.91	$26.13	$47.41	View programs
Producers and Directors	80	$30.41	$44.04	$63.42	View programs
Software Developers	484	$59.96	$67.08	$82.06	View programs
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers	58	$37.55	$50.29	$63.87	View programs
Web and Digital Interface DesignersPriority occupation	46	$30.26	$48.16	$70.58	View programs
Web Developers	20	$28.93	$43.47	$60.42	View programs

Audio and Video Technicians

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $20.34/hr.
Median: $28.27/hr.
Experienced: $36.81/hr.

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Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $21.26/hr.
Median: $30.75/hr.
Experienced: $50.25/hr.

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Computer Network ArchitectsPriority occupation

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $51.42/hr.
Median: $67.65/hr.
Experienced: $82.06/hr.

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Computer Network Support Specialists

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $31.38/hr.
Median: $39.80/hr.
Experienced: $51.93/hr.

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Computer Programmers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $37.16/hr.
Median: $48.03/hr.
Experienced: $62.65/hr.

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Computer Systems Analysts

Job openings per year:

237

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $44.42/hr.
Median: $58.27/hr.
Experienced: $66.52/hr.

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Computer User Support Specialists

Job openings per year:

868

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $38.95/hr.
Median: $50.57/hr.
Experienced: $58.85/hr.

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Graphic Designers

Job openings per year:

118

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $23.40/hr.
Median: $33.66/hr.
Experienced: $44.47/hr.

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Network and Computer Systems Administrators

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $41.69/hr.
Median: $50.15/hr.
Experienced: $63.81/hr.

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Photographers

Job openings per year:

103

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $16.91/hr.
Median: $26.13/hr.
Experienced: $47.41/hr.

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Producers and Directors

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $30.41/hr.
Median: $44.04/hr.
Experienced: $63.42/hr.

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Software Developers

Job openings per year:

484

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $59.96/hr.
Median: $67.08/hr.
Experienced: $82.06/hr.

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Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $37.55/hr.
Median: $50.29/hr.
Experienced: $63.87/hr.

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Web and Digital Interface DesignersPriority occupation

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $30.26/hr.
Median: $48.16/hr.
Experienced: $70.58/hr.

View programs

Web Developers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $28.93/hr.
Median: $43.47/hr.
Experienced: $60.42/hr.

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Top Employers & Skills

Employers

Accenture
Blue Shield of California
State of California
Golden 1 Credit Union
PwC
Deloitte
Northrop Grumman
Crowe
UC Davis Health
Micron Technology
Sutter Health
HPE
Guidehouse
Jacobs
Adventist Health
Gainwell Technologies
Apple
California State University, Sacramento
Intel
Amentum

Specialized skills

Computer Science
Workflow Management
Automation
Project Management
Agile Methodology
Auditing
Artificial Intelligence
Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery
Technical Support
Data Analysis

Technology & software skills

Python
SQL
Microsoft Azure
Amazon Web Services
Application Programming Interface (API)
Operating Systems
Microsoft Office (Excel, Outlook, SharePoint, Word)
Java
JIRA
Power BI

Employability skills

Communication
Management/Leadership
Operations
Troubleshooting (Problem Solving)
Problem Solving
Customer Service
Planning
Detail Oriented
Innovation
Research

Lightcast 2026.3; QCEW, non-QCEW, Self-Employed. Compiled by the North/Far North Center of Excellence for Labor Market Research

Audio and Video Technicians

Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events.

Sample of reported job titles:

Audio Technician
Audio Visual Specialist (AV Specialist)
AV Tech (Audio Visual Technician)
Media Technician
Operations Technician
Stagehand
Video Technician

Tasks:

Notify supervisors when major equipment repairs are needed.
Diagnose and resolve media system problems.
Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production.
Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data.
Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.
Control the lights and sound of events, such as live concerts, before and after performances, and during intermissions.
Switch sources of video input from one camera or studio to another, from film to live programming, or from network to local programming.
Record and edit audio material, such as movie soundtracks, using audio recording and editing equipment.
Perform minor repairs and routine cleaning of audio and video equipment.
Design layouts of audio and video equipment and perform upgrades and maintenance.
Conduct training sessions on selection, use, and design of audio-visual materials and on operation of presentation equipment.
Monitor incoming and outgoing pictures and sound feeds to ensure quality and notify directors of any possible problems.
Mix and regulate sound inputs and feeds or coordinate audio feeds with television pictures.
Construct and position properties, sets, lighting equipment, and other equipment.
Reserve audio-visual equipment and facilities, such as meeting rooms.
Determine formats, approaches, content, levels, and mediums to effectively meet objectives within budgetary constraints, using research, knowledge, and training.
Edit videotapes by erasing and removing portions of programs and adding video or sound as required.
Obtain, set up, and load videotapes for scheduled productions or broadcasts.
Produce rough and finished graphics and graphic designs.
Locate and secure settings, properties, effects, and other production necessities.
Meet with directors and senior members of camera crews to discuss assignments and determine filming sequences, camera movements, and picture composition.
Maintain inventories of audio and videotapes and related supplies.
Obtain and preview musical performance programs prior to events to become familiar with the order and approximate times of pieces.
Perform narration of productions or present announcements.
Plan and develop pre-production ideas into outlines, scripts, story boards, and graphics, using own ideas or specifications of assignments.
Organize and maintain compliance, license, and warranty information related to audio and video facilities.
Inform users of audio and videotaping service policies and procedures.
Analyze and maintain data logs for audio-visual activities.
Develop manuals, texts, workbooks, or related materials for use in conjunction with production materials or for training.

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Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

Speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or commercial messages, on radio, television, or other communications media. May play and queue music, announce artist or title of performance, identify station, or interview guests.

Sample of reported job titles:

Anchor
Announcer
DJ (Disc Jockey)
Host
Morning Show Host
On-Air Host
On-Air Personality
Radio Announcer
Sports Anchor
Television News Anchor (TV News Anchor)

Tasks:

Read news flashes to inform audiences of important events.
Announce musical selections, station breaks, commercials, or public service information, and accept requests from listening audience.
Operate control consoles.
Identify stations, and introduce or close shows, ad-libbing or using memorized or read scripts.
Study background information to prepare for programs or interviews.
Prepare and deliver news, sports, or weather reports, gathering and rewriting material so that it will convey required information and fit specific time slots.
Record commercials for later broadcast.
Keep daily program logs to provide information on all elements aired during broadcast, such as musical selections and station promotions.
Develop story lines for broadcasts.
Select program content, in conjunction with producers and assistants, based on factors such as program specialties, audience tastes, or requests from the public.
Write and edit video and scripts for broadcasts.
Interview show guests about their lives, their work, or topics of current interest.
Comment on music and other matters, such as weather or traffic conditions.
Make promotional appearances at public or private events to represent their employers.
Provide commentary and conduct interviews during sporting events, parades, conventions, or other events.
Host civic, charitable, or promotional events broadcast over television or radio.
Locate guests to appear on talk or interview shows.
Coordinate games, contests, or other on-air competitions, performing such duties as asking questions and awarding prizes.
Attend press conferences to gather information for broadcast.
Maintain organization of the music library.
Discuss various topics over the telephone with viewers or listeners.
Moderate panels or discussion shows on topics such as current affairs, art, or education.
Give network cues permitting selected stations to receive programs.
Describe or demonstrate products that viewers may purchase through specific shows or in stores.

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Computer Network Architects

Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software.

Sample of reported job titles:

Computer Network Technologist
Network Analyst
Network Consultant
Network Systems Consultant
Networking Systems Engineer
Solutions Architect
System Programmer
Systems Engineer
WAN Engineer (Wide Area Network Engineer)
Wireless Network Engineer

Tasks:

Develop disaster recovery plans.
Develop or recommend network security measures, such as firewalls, network security audits, or automated security probes.
Develop and implement solutions for network problems.
Maintain networks by performing activities such as file addition, deletion, or backup.
Coordinate network operations, maintenance, repairs, or upgrades.
Coordinate installation of new equipment.
Monitor and analyze network performance and reports on data input or output to detect problems, identify inefficient use of computer resources, or perform capacity planning.
Develop network-related documentation.
Develop and write procedures for installation, use, or troubleshooting of communications hardware or software.
Participate in network technology upgrade or expansion projects, including installation of hardware and software and integration testing.
Design, build, or operate equipment configuration prototypes, including network hardware, software, servers, or server operation systems.
Adjust network sizes to meet volume or capacity demands.
Communicate with system users to ensure accounts are set up properly or to diagnose and solve operational problems.
Develop conceptual, logical, or physical network designs.
Evaluate network designs to determine whether customer requirements are met efficiently and effectively.
Communicate with vendors to gather information about products, alert them to future needs, resolve problems, or address system maintenance issues.
Develop plans or budgets for network equipment replacement.
Communicate with customers, sales staff, or marketing staff to determine customer needs.
Determine specific network hardware or software requirements, such as platforms, interfaces, bandwidths, or routine schemas.
Prepare detailed network specifications, including diagrams, charts, equipment configurations, or recommended technologies.
Supervise engineers or other staff in the design or implementation of network solutions.
Research and test new or modified hardware or software products to determine performance and interoperability.
Estimate time and materials needed to complete projects.
Design, organize, and deliver product awareness, skills transfer, or product education sessions for staff or suppliers.
Explain design specifications to integration or test engineers.
Develop procedures to track, project, or report network availability, reliability, capacity, or utilization.
Coordinate network or design activities with designers of associated networks.
Prepare or monitor project schedules, budgets, or cost control systems.
Prepare design presentations and proposals for staff or customers.
Use network computer-aided design (CAD) software packages to optimize network designs.
Visit vendors, attend conferences or training sessions, or study technical journals to keep up with changes in technology.
Develop or maintain project reporting systems.
Maintain or coordinate the maintenance of network peripherals, such as printers.

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Computer Network Support Specialists

Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal interruption.

Sample of reported job titles:

Computer Network Specialist
IT Consultant (Information Technology Consultant)
Network Specialist
Network Support Specialist
Network Technical Analyst
Network Technician
Personal Computer Network Analyst
Systems Specialist

Tasks:

Back up network data.
Configure security settings or access permissions for groups or individuals.
Analyze and report computer network security breaches or attempted breaches.
Identify the causes of networking problems, using diagnostic testing software and equipment.
Document network support activities.
Configure wide area network (WAN) or local area network (LAN) routers or related equipment.
Install network software, including security or firewall software.
Troubleshoot network or connectivity problems for users or user groups.
Provide telephone support related to networking or connectivity issues.
Evaluate local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) performance data to ensure sufficient availability or speed, to identify network problems, or for disaster recovery purposes.
Analyze network data to determine network usage, disk space availability, or server function.
Perform routine maintenance or standard repairs to networking components or equipment.
Configure and define parameters for installation or testing of local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), hubs, routers, switches, controllers, multiplexers, or related networking equipment.
Install new hardware or software systems or components, ensuring integration with existing network systems.
Test computer software or hardware, using standard diagnostic testing equipment and procedures.
Install or repair network cables, including fiber optic cables.
Monitor industry Web sites or publications for information about patches, releases, viruses, or potential problem identification.
Create or update technical documentation for network installations or changes to existing installations.
Train users in procedures related to network applications software or related systems.
Test repaired items to ensure proper operation.
Install and configure wireless networking equipment.
Maintain logs of network activity.
Document help desk requests and resolutions.
Research hardware or software products to meet technical networking or security needs.
Create or revise user instructions, procedures, or manuals.
Run monthly network reports.

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Computer Programmers

Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.

Sample of reported job titles:

Analyst Programmer
Application Programmer Analyst
Computer Programmer
Computer Programmer Analyst
Internet Programmer
Java Developer
Programmer
Programmer Analyst
Web Applications Programmer
Web Programmer

Tasks:

Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic.
Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced.
Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.
Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment.
Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes.
Conduct trial runs of programs and software applications to be sure they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct.
Prepare detailed workflow charts and diagrams that describe input, output, and logical operation, and convert them into a series of instructions coded in a computer language.
Compile and write documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program.
Consult with and assist computer operators or system analysts to define and resolve problems in running computer programs.
Perform systems analysis and programming tasks to maintain and control the use of computer systems software as a systems programmer.
Write or contribute to instructions or manuals to guide end users.
Investigate whether networks, workstations, the central processing unit of the system, or peripheral equipment are responding to a program’s instructions.
Assign, coordinate, and review work and activities of programming personnel.
Train subordinates in programming and program coding.
Develop Web sites.
Train users on the use and function of computer programs.
Collaborate with computer manufacturers and other users to develop new programming methods.

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Computer Systems Analysts

Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software.

Sample of reported job titles:

Applications Analyst
Business Systems Analyst
Computer Analyst
Computer Systems Analyst
Computer Systems Consultant
Information Systems Analyst (ISA)
IT Analyst (Information Technology Analyst)
IT Systems Analyst (Information Technology Systems Analyst)
Programmer Analyst
Systems Analyst

Tasks:

Troubleshoot program and system malfunctions to restore normal functioning.
Provide staff and users with assistance solving computer-related problems, such as malfunctions and program problems.
Test, maintain, and monitor computer programs and systems, including coordinating the installation of computer programs and systems.
Use the computer in the analysis and solution of business problems, such as development of integrated production and inventory control and cost analysis systems.
Coordinate and link the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility so that information can be shared.
Use object-oriented programming languages, as well as client and server applications development processes and multimedia and Internet technology.
Analyze information processing or computation needs and plan and design computer systems, using techniques such as structured analysis, data modeling, and information engineering.
Consult with management to ensure agreement on system principles.
Specify inputs accessed by the system and plan the distribution and use of the results.
Expand or modify system to serve new purposes or improve work flow.
Train staff and users to work with computer systems and programs.
Assess the usefulness of pre-developed application packages and adapt them to a user environment.
Determine computer software or hardware needed to set up or alter systems.
Read manuals, periodicals, and technical reports to learn how to develop programs that meet staff and user requirements.
Develop, document, and revise system design procedures, test procedures, and quality standards.
Recommend new equipment or software packages.
Define the goals of the system and devise flow charts and diagrams describing logical operational steps of programs.
Confer with clients regarding the nature of the information processing or computation needs a computer program is to address.
Review and analyze computer printouts and performance indicators to locate code problems, and correct errors by correcting codes.
Interview or survey workers, observe job performance, or perform the job to determine what information is processed and how it is processed.
Supervise computer programmers or other systems analysts or serve as project leaders for particular systems projects.
Prepare cost-benefit and return-on-investment analyses to aid in decisions on system implementation.

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Computer User Support Specialists

Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.

Sample of reported job titles:

Computer Support Specialist
Computer Tech (Computer Technician)
Desktop Support Technician (Desktop Support Tech)
Help Desk Analyst
Help Desk Tech (Help Desk Technician)
IS Tech (Information Systems Technician)
IT Specialist (Information Technology Specialist)
IT Support Specialist (Information Technology Support Specialist)
IT Tech (Information Technology Technician)
Technical Support Specialist

Tasks:

Oversee the daily performance of computer systems.
Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate software.
Read technical manuals, confer with users, or conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems or to provide technical assistance and support.
Answer user inquiries regarding computer software or hardware operation to resolve problems.
Install and perform minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications.
Confer with staff, users, and management to establish requirements for new systems or modifications.
Enter commands and observe system functioning to verify correct operations and detect errors.
Maintain records of daily data communication transactions, problems and remedial actions taken, or installation activities.
Refer major hardware or software problems or defective products to vendors or technicians for service.
Prepare evaluations of software or hardware, and recommend improvements or upgrades.
Develop training materials and procedures, or train users in the proper use of hardware or software.
Inspect equipment and read order sheets to prepare for delivery to users.
Read trade magazines and technical manuals, or attend conferences and seminars to maintain knowledge of hardware and software.
Conduct office automation feasibility studies, including workflow analysis, space design, or cost comparison analysis.
Hire, supervise, and direct workers engaged in special project work, problem-solving, monitoring, and installation of data communication equipment and software.
Modify and customize commercial programs for internal needs.

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Network and Computer Systems Administrators

Install, configure, and maintain an organization’s local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze network and server resource consumption and control user access. Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination between network and data communications hardware and software.

Sample of reported job titles:

LAN Administrator (Local Area Network Administrator)
LAN Specialist (Local Area Network Specialist)
Network Administrator (Network Admin)
Network Analyst
Network Coordinator
Network Engineer
Network Manager
Network Specialist
Systems Engineer

Tasks:

Plan, coordinate, and implement network security measures to protect data, software, and hardware.
Perform data backups and disaster recovery operations.
Diagnose, troubleshoot, and resolve hardware, software, or other network and system problems, and replace defective components when necessary.
Maintain and administer computer networks and related computing environments, including computer hardware, systems software, applications software, and all configurations.
Configure, monitor, and maintain email applications or virus protection software.
Confer with network users about solutions to existing system problems.
Operate master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems and networks and to coordinate computer network access and use.
Maintain logs related to network functions, as well as maintenance and repair records.
Monitor network performance to determine whether adjustments are needed and where changes will be needed in the future.
Design, configure, and test computer hardware, networking software and operating system software.
Maintain an inventory of parts for emergency repairs.
Perform routine network startup and shutdown procedures, and maintain control records.
Recommend changes to improve systems and network configurations, and determine hardware or software requirements related to such changes.
Coordinate with vendors and with company personnel to facilitate purchases.
Gather data pertaining to customer needs, and use the information to identify, predict, interpret, and evaluate system and network requirements.
Analyze equipment performance records to determine the need for repair or replacement.
Train people in computer system use.
Research new technologies by attending seminars, reading trade articles, or taking classes, and implement or recommend the implementation of new technologies.
Implement and provide technical support for voice services and equipment, such as private branch exchange, voice mail system, and telecom system.
Load computer tapes and disks, and install software and printer paper or forms.

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Photographers

Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject’s appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.

Sample of reported job titles:

Advertising Photographer
Commercial Photographer
Graduation Photographer
Newspaper Photographer
Photo Editor
Photographer
Photojournalist
Portrait Photographer
Sports Photographer
Studio Photographer

Tasks:

Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects.
Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission.
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.
Manipulate and enhance scanned or digital images to create desired effects, using computers and specialized software.
Take pictures of individuals, families, and small groups, either in studio or on location.
Enhance, retouch, and resize photographs and negatives, using airbrushing and other techniques.
Test equipment prior to use to ensure that it is in good working order.
Estimate or measure light levels, distances, and numbers of exposures needed, using measuring devices and formulas.
Perform general office duties, such as scheduling appointments, keeping books, and ordering supplies.
Review sets of photographs to select the best work.
Set up, mount, or install photographic equipment and cameras.
Determine project goals, locations, and equipment needs by studying assignments and consulting with clients or advertising staff.
Perform maintenance tasks necessary to keep equipment working properly.
Select and assemble equipment and required background properties, according to subjects, materials, and conditions.
Direct activities of workers setting up photographic equipment.
Engage in research to develop new photographic procedures and materials.
Mount, frame, laminate, or lacquer finished photographs.
Send film to photofinishing laboratories for processing.
Develop visual aids and charts for use in lectures or to present evidence in court.
Load and unload film.
Write photograph captions.
Set up photographic exhibitions for the purpose of displaying and selling work.
Produce computer-readable, digital images from film, using flatbed scanners and photofinishing laboratories.
Employ a variety of specialized photographic materials and techniques, including infrared and ultraviolet films, macro photography, photogrammetry and sensitometry.
License the use of photographs through stock photo agencies.
Develop and print exposed film, using chemicals, touch-up tools, and developing and printing equipment.

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Producers and Directors

Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography.

Sample of reported job titles:

Artistic Director
Director
Executive Producer
Multimedia Producer
News Producer
Producer
Production Director
Radio Producer
Television News Producer (TV News Producer)
Television Producer (TV Producer)

Tasks:

Plan details such as framing, composition, camera movement, sound, and actor movement for each shot or scene.
Communicate to actors the approach, characterization, and movement needed for each scene in such a way that rehearsals and takes are minimized.
Direct live broadcasts, films and recordings, or non-broadcast programming for public entertainment or education.
Research production topics using the internet, video archives, and other informational sources.
Review film, recordings, or rehearsals to ensure conformance to production and broadcast standards.
Study and research scripts to determine how they should be directed.
Supervise and coordinate the work of camera, lighting, design, and sound crew members.
Confer with technical directors, managers, crew members, and writers to discuss details of production, such as photography, script, music, sets, and costumes.
Perform management activities, such as budgeting, scheduling, planning, and marketing.
Consult with writers, producers, or actors about script changes or “workshop” scripts, through rehearsal with writers and actors to create final drafts.
Identify and approve equipment and elements required for productions, such as scenery, lights, props, costumes, choreography, and music.
Establish pace of programs and sequences of scenes according to time requirements and cast and set accessibility.
Conduct meetings with staff to discuss production progress and to ensure production objectives are attained.
Compile scripts, program notes, and other material related to productions.
Resolve personnel problems that arise during the production process by acting as liaisons between dissenting parties when necessary.
Coordinate the activities of writers, directors, managers, and other personnel throughout the production process.
Obtain rights to scripts or to such items as existing video footage.
Write and submit proposals to bid on contracts for projects.
Compose and edit scripts or provide screenwriters with story outlines from which scripts can be written.
Cut and edit film or tape to integrate component parts into desired sequences.
Write and edit news stories from information collected by reporters and other sources.
Choose settings and locations for films and determine how scenes will be shot in these settings.
Review film daily to check on work in progress and to plan for future filming.
Negotiate with parties, including independent producers and the distributors and broadcasters who will be handling completed productions.
Perform administrative duties, such as preparing operational reports, distributing rehearsal call sheets and script copies, and arranging for rehearsal quarters.
Develop marketing plans for finished products, collaborating with sales associates to supervise product distribution.
Arrange financing for productions.
Hire principal cast members and crew members, such as art directors, cinematographers, and costume designers.
Hold auditions for parts or negotiate contracts with actors determined suitable for specific roles.
Select plays, scripts, books, news content, or ideas to be produced.

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Software Developers

Research, design, and develop computer and network software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop specifications and performance requirements. May maintain databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team.

Sample of reported job titles:

Application Developer
Application Integration Engineer
Developer
DevOps Engineer (Development Operations Engineer)
Infrastructure Engineer
Software Architect
Software Developer
Software Development Engineer
Software Engineer
Systems Engineer

Tasks:

Analyze user needs and software requirements to determine feasibility of design within time and cost constraints.
Develop or direct software system testing or validation procedures, programming, or documentation.
Confer with systems analysts, engineers, programmers and others to design systems and to obtain information on project limitations and capabilities, performance requirements and interfaces.
Modify existing software to correct errors, adapt it to new hardware, or upgrade interfaces and improve performance.
Prepare reports or correspondence concerning project specifications, activities, or status.
Analyze information to determine, recommend, and plan installation of a new system or modification of an existing system.
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.
Design, develop and modify software systems, using scientific analysis and mathematical models to predict and measure outcomes and consequences of design.
Determine system performance standards.
Consult with customers or other departments on project status, proposals, or technical issues, such as software system design or maintenance.
Confer with data processing or project managers to obtain information on limitations or capabilities for data processing projects.
Monitor functioning of equipment to ensure system operates in conformance with specifications.
Coordinate installation of software system.
Supervise the work of programmers, technologists and technicians and other engineering and scientific personnel.
Supervise and assign work to programmers, designers, technologists, technicians, or other engineering or scientific personnel.
Obtain and evaluate information on factors such as reporting formats required, costs, or security needs to determine hardware configuration.
Train users to use new or modified equipment.

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Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system and report defects to software or web developers. Create and maintain databases of known defects. May participate in software design reviews to provide input on functional requirements, operational characteristics, product designs, and schedules.

Sample of reported job titles:

Automation Tester
Information Technology Analyst (IT Analyst)
Quality Assurance Analyst (QA Analyst)
Quality Assurance Engineer (QA Engineer)
Quality Engineer
Software Quality Assurance Analyst (SQA Analyst)
Software Quality Assurance Engineer (SQA Engineer)
Software Quality Engineer
Software Test Engineer
Test Engineer

Tasks:

Identify, analyze, and document problems with program function, output, online screen, or content.
Document software defects, using a bug tracking system, and report defects to software developers.
Develop testing programs that address areas such as database impacts, software scenarios, regression testing, negative testing, error or bug retests, or usability.
Design test plans, scenarios, scripts, or procedures.
Document test procedures to ensure replicability and compliance with standards.
Provide feedback and recommendations to developers on software usability and functionality.
Install, maintain, or use software testing programs.
Test system modifications to prepare for implementation.
Create or maintain databases of known test defects.
Develop or specify standards, methods, or procedures to determine product quality or release readiness.
Monitor bug resolution efforts and track successes.
Update automated test scripts to ensure currency.
Participate in product design reviews to provide input on functional requirements, product designs, schedules, or potential problems.
Plan test schedules or strategies in accordance with project scope or delivery dates.
Monitor program performance to ensure efficient and problem-free operations.
Conduct software compatibility tests with programs, hardware, operating systems, or network environments.
Investigate customer problems referred by technical support.
Review software documentation to ensure technical accuracy, compliance, or completeness, or to mitigate risks.
Identify program deviance from standards, and suggest modifications to ensure compliance.
Perform initial debugging procedures by reviewing configuration files, logs, or code pieces to determine breakdown source.
Design or develop automated testing tools.
Install and configure recreations of software production environments to allow testing of software performance.
Collaborate with field staff or customers to evaluate or diagnose problems and recommend possible solutions.
Coordinate user or third-party testing.
Visit beta testing sites to evaluate software performance.
Conduct historical analyses of test results.
Evaluate or recommend software for testing or bug tracking.
Modify existing software to correct errors, allow it to adapt to new hardware, or to improve its performance.
Recommend purchase of equipment to control dust, temperature, or humidity in area of system installation.
Store, retrieve, and manipulate data for analysis of system capabilities and requirements.

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Web and Digital Interface Designers

Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts, interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. May use web framework applications as well as client-side code and processes. May evaluate web design following web and accessibility standards, and may analyze web use metrics and optimize websites for marketability and search engine ranking. May design and test interfaces that facilitate the human-computer interaction and maximize the usability of digital devices, websites, and software with a focus on aesthetics and design. May create graphics used in websites and manage website content and links.

Sample of reported job titles:

UI Developer (User Interface Developer)
UX Developer (User Experience Developer)
UX Engineer (User Experience Engineer)
Web Administration Coordinator (Web Admin Coordinator)
Web Architect
Web Content Developer
Web Content Specialist
Web Design Specialist
Web Designer
Webmaster

Tasks:

Identify problems uncovered by testing or customer feedback, and correct problems or refer problems to appropriate personnel for correction.
Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.
Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites.
Perform Web site tests according to planned schedules, or after any Web site or product revision.
Collaborate with web development professionals, such as front-end or back-end developers, to complete the full scope of Web development projects.
Develop new visual design concepts and modify concepts based on stakeholder feedback.
Maintain understanding of current Web technologies or programming practices through continuing education, reading, or participation in professional conferences, workshops, or groups.
Respond to user email inquiries, or set up automated systems to send responses.
Conduct user research to determine design requirements and analyze user feedback to improve design quality.
Perform or direct Web site updates.
Identify or maintain links to and from other Web sites and check links to ensure proper functioning.
Direct and execute pre-production activities, such as creating moodboards or storyboards and establishing a project timeline.
Communicate with network personnel or Web site hosting agencies to address hardware or software issues affecting Web sites.
Research and apply innovative solutions for product design, visuals, and user experience to meet the needs of individual Web development projects.
Develop and document style guidelines for Web site content.
Select programming languages, design tools, or applications.
Confer with management or development teams to prioritize needs, resolve conflicts, develop content criteria, or choose solutions.
Write and edit technical documentation for digital interface products and designs, such as user manuals, testing protocols, and reports.
Develop, validate, and document test routines and schedules to ensure that test cases mimic external interfaces and address all browser and device types.
Develop Web site maps, application models, image templates, or page templates that meet project goals, user needs, or industry standards.
Incorporate technical considerations into Web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, or legal issues including accessibility and privacy.
Research, document, rate, or select alternatives for Web architecture or technologies.
Collaborate with management or users to develop e-commerce strategies and to integrate these strategies with Web sites.
Create Web models or prototypes that include physical, interface, logical, or data models.
Provide clear, detailed descriptions of Web site specifications, such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware.
Document technical factors such as server load, bandwidth, database performance, and browser and device types.
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing Web site revision.
Register Web sites with search engines to increase Web site traffic.
Create searchable indices for Web page content.
Develop system interaction or sequence diagrams.

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Web Developers

Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications.

Sample of reported job titles:

Technology Applications Engineer
Web Architect
Web Design Specialist
Web Developer
Webmaster

Tasks:

Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites.
Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.
Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems.
Select programming languages, design tools, or applications.
Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems.
Develop databases that support Web applications and Web sites.
Perform Web site tests according to planned schedules, or after any Web site or product revision.
Perform or direct Web site updates.
Maintain understanding of current Web technologies or programming practices through continuing education, reading, or participation in professional conferences, workshops, or groups.
Analyze user needs to determine technical requirements.
Respond to user email inquiries, or set up automated systems to send responses.
Renew domain name registrations.
Confer with management or development teams to prioritize needs, resolve conflicts, develop content criteria, or choose solutions.
Communicate with network personnel or Web site hosting agencies to address hardware or software issues affecting Web sites.
Collaborate with management or users to develop e-commerce strategies and to integrate these strategies with Web sites.
Document test plans, testing procedures, or test results.
Establish appropriate server directory trees.
Recommend and implement performance improvements.
Document technical factors such as server load, bandwidth, database performance, and browser and device types.
Develop or implement procedures for ongoing Web site revision.
Create Web models or prototypes that include physical, interface, logical, or data models.
Provide clear, detailed descriptions of Web site specifications, such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware.
Evaluate or recommend server hardware or software.
Monitor security system performance logs to identify problems and notify security specialists when problems occur.
Install and configure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) servers and associated operating systems.
Research, document, rate, or select alternatives for Web architecture or technologies.
Develop system interaction or sequence diagrams.
Design and implement Web site security measures, such as firewalls and message encryption.
Incorporate technical considerations into Web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, and legal issues including accessibility and privacy.

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