Business and Entrepreneurship

The North Far North region is home to many large employers and a thriving culture of small businesses. More than 10% of adults are self-employed, and more than 80% of companies in the region have 20 or fewer employees. Whether you’re looking to start your own business or work with a team of like-minded professionals at a larger company, you’re in the right place.

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Region

North Far North

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309,838

2023 Jobs

+5%

2023–2028 Projected Change

27.56/hr.

2023 Avg. Entry Level Wage

Top jobs that Require Community College Credentials

How much will I make per hour?

What can I train for?	Job openings per year	Entry-level	Median	Experienced	Programs
Office Clerks, General	3,352	$18.17	$22.42	$25.07	View programs
Customer Service Representatives	2,039	$18.20	$22.07	$26.53	View programs
General and Operations Managers	1,950	$39.25	$54.83	$78.80	View programs
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive	1,485	$20.00	$23.26	$28.66	View programs
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks	1,416	$21.35	$24.88	$30.05	View programs
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers	1,318	$28.63	$35.69	$45.75	View programs
Receptionists and Information Clerks	1,000	$17.36	$20.15	$23.34	View programs
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products	670	$23.83	$33.51	$46.19
Insurance Sales Agents	636	$21.78	$30.22	$45.73
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers	451	$21.43	$31.66	$46.59	View programs
Real Estate Sales Agents	393	$19.30	$30.69	$53.90	View programs
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants	387	$29.79	$35.93	$41.67	View programs
Buyers and Purchasing Agents	244	$27.63	$35.66	$45.60
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks	219	$23.92	$28.76	$33.15	View programs
Cost Estimators	214	$28.85	$37.71	$51.69	View programs

Office Clerks, General

Job openings per year:

3,352

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $18.17/hr.
Median: $22.42/hr.
Experienced: $25.07/hr.

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Customer Service Representatives

Job openings per year:

2,039

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $18.20/hr.
Median: $22.07/hr.
Experienced: $26.53/hr.

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General and Operations Managers

Job openings per year:

1,950

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $39.25/hr.
Median: $54.83/hr.
Experienced: $78.80/hr.

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Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

Job openings per year:

1,485

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $20.00/hr.
Median: $23.26/hr.
Experienced: $28.66/hr.

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Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

Job openings per year:

1,416

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $21.35/hr.
Median: $24.88/hr.
Experienced: $30.05/hr.

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First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

Job openings per year:

1,318

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $28.63/hr.
Median: $35.69/hr.
Experienced: $45.75/hr.

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Receptionists and Information Clerks

Job openings per year:

1,000

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $17.36/hr.
Median: $20.15/hr.
Experienced: $23.34/hr.

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Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Job openings per year:

670

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $23.83/hr.
Median: $33.51/hr.
Experienced: $46.19/hr.

Insurance Sales Agents

Job openings per year:

636

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $21.78/hr.
Median: $30.22/hr.
Experienced: $45.73/hr.

Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

Job openings per year:

451

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $21.43/hr.
Median: $31.66/hr.
Experienced: $46.59/hr.

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Real Estate Sales Agents

Job openings per year:

393

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $19.30/hr.
Median: $30.69/hr.
Experienced: $53.90/hr.

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Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

Job openings per year:

387

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $29.79/hr.
Median: $35.93/hr.
Experienced: $41.67/hr.

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Buyers and Purchasing Agents

Job openings per year:

244

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $27.63/hr.
Median: $35.66/hr.
Experienced: $45.60/hr.

Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

Job openings per year:

219

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $23.92/hr.
Median: $28.76/hr.
Experienced: $33.15/hr.

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Cost Estimators

Job openings per year:

214

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $28.85/hr.
Median: $37.71/hr.
Experienced: $51.69/hr.

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Top Employers & Skills

Employers

State of California
University of California
Sutter Health
California Public Employees' Retirement System
Great Clips
Wells Fargo
FPI Management
Golden 1 Credit Union
Deloitte
New York Life
Marriott International
Calstrs
CVS Health
Accenture
Intel
Walmart
Sedgwick
CommonSpirit Health
University Enterprises
Siemens

Specialized skills

Marketing
Accounting
Project Management
Auditing
Finance
Selling Techniques
Invoicing
Customer Relationship Management
Sales Prospecting
Financial Statements

Technology & software skills

Microsoft Office (Access, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, Word)
Spreadsheets
Salesforce
Accounting Software
QuickBooks (Accounting Software)
Google Workspace
SAP Applications
Human Resources Information System (HRIS)
Yardi (Property Management Software)
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Software

Employability skills

Communication
Customer Service
Management
Sales
Operations
Leadership
Detail Oriented
Writing
Microsoft Excel
Problem Solving

Source: Lightcast 2024.3; QCEW, non-QCEW, Self-Employed. Compiled by the North/Far North Center of Excellence for Labor Market Research.

Office Clerks, General

Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Administrative Clerk (Admin Clerk), Clerical Aide, Clerical Assistant, Clerk, General Clerk, Office Assistant, Office Clerk, Office Services Specialist, Office Support Assistant

Tasks:

Operate office machines, such as photocopiers and scanners, facsimile machines, voice mail systems, and personal computers.
Answer telephones, direct calls, and take messages.
Communicate with customers, employees, and other individuals to answer questions, disseminate or explain information, take orders, and address complaints.
Maintain and update filing, inventory, mailing, and database systems, either manually or using a computer.
Compile, copy, sort, and file records of office activities, business transactions, and other activities.

Detailed Work Activities:

Operate office equipment.
Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.
Confer with coworkers to coordinate work activities.
Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Collect deposits, payments or fees.

Work Context:

Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 89% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 82% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 90% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 74% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 77% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 64% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 60% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Deal With External Customers — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 66% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 45% responded “Very important results.”
Time Pressure — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Limited freedom.”
Letters and Memos — 33% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 33% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Physical Proximity — 45% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 34% responded “Important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 34% responded “Some freedom.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 44% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 33% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 39% responded “Never.”
Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 89% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 82% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 90% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 74% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 77% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 64% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 60% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Deal With External Customers — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 66% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 45% responded “Very important results.”
Time Pressure — 42% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Limited freedom.”
Letters and Memos — 33% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 33% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Physical Proximity — 45% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 34% responded “Important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 34% responded “Some freedom.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 44% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 33% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 39% responded “Never.”

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Customer Service Representatives

Interact with customers to provide basic or scripted information in response to routine inquiries about products and services. May handle and resolve general complaints. Excludes individuals whose duties are primarily installation, sales, repair, and technical support.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Account Representative, Call Center Representative, Client Services Representative, Customer Care Representative (CCR), Customer Service Agent, Customer Service Representative (CSR), Customer Service Specialist, Customer Support Representative (Customer Support Rep), Guest Service Agent, Member Services Representative (Member Services Rep)

Tasks:

Confer with customers by telephone or in person to provide information about products or services, take or enter orders, cancel accounts, or obtain details of complaints.
Keep records of customer interactions or transactions, recording details of inquiries, complaints, or comments, as well as actions taken.
Check to ensure that appropriate changes were made to resolve customers’ problems.
Contact customers to respond to inquiries or to notify them of claim investigation results or any planned adjustments.
Determine charges for services requested, collect deposits or payments, or arrange for billing.

Detailed Work Activities:

Discuss goods or services information with customers or patrons.
Maintain financial or account records.
Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Provide notifications to customers or patrons.
Calculate costs of goods or services.

Work Context:

Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 94% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers
Time Pressure — 73% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 63% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail — 83% responded “Every day.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 42% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 75% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 61% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 72% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 68% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 45% responded “Very important results.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 37% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 51% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 31% responded “Limited freedom.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Physical Proximity — 25% responded “Very close (near touching).”
Spend Time Standing — 42% responded “Less than half the time.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 30% responded “Limited freedom.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 67% responded “40 hours.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 94% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers
Time Pressure — 73% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 63% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail — 83% responded “Every day.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 42% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 75% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 61% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 72% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 68% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 45% responded “Very important results.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 37% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 51% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 31% responded “Limited freedom.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Physical Proximity — 25% responded “Very close (near touching).”
Spend Time Standing — 42% responded “Less than half the time.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 30% responded “Limited freedom.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 67% responded “40 hours.”

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General and Operations Managers

Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through subordinate supervisors. Excludes First-Line Supervisors.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Business Manager, Center Manager, Department Manager, District Manager, General Manager (GM), Operations Director, Operations General Manager (Operations GM), Operations Manager, Plant Superintendent, Store Manager

Tasks:

Review financial statements, sales or activity reports, or other performance data to measure productivity or goal achievement or to identify areas needing cost reduction or program improvement.
Direct and coordinate activities of businesses or departments concerned with the production, pricing, sales, or distribution of products.
Direct administrative activities directly related to making products or providing services.
Prepare staff work schedules and assign specific duties.
Direct or coordinate financial or budget activities to fund operations, maximize investments, or increase efficiency.

Detailed Work Activities:

Analyze data to inform operational decisions or activities.
Analyze financial records to improve efficiency.
Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.
Direct sales, marketing, or customer service activities.
Prepare staff schedules or work assignments.

Work Context:

Frequency of Decision Making — 93% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 88% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 86% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 86% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Telephone — 88% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Contact With Others — 76% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 79% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 61% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 72% responded “Very important results.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Deal With External Customers — 61% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 70% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 80% responded “Every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 62% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
Letters and Memos — 54% responded “Every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 47% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 35% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Level of Competition — 32% responded “Highly competitive.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 59% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Physical Proximity — 38% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 28% responded “Fairly important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 33% responded “More than half the time.”
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 40% responded “Never.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 93% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 88% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 86% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 86% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Telephone — 88% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Contact With Others — 76% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 79% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 61% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 72% responded “Very important results.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Deal With External Customers — 61% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 70% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 80% responded “Every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 62% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
Letters and Memos — 54% responded “Every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 47% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 35% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Level of Competition — 32% responded “Highly competitive.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 59% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Physical Proximity — 38% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 28% responded “Fairly important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 33% responded “More than half the time.”
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets — 40% responded “Never.”

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Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Administrative Assistant (Admin Assistant), Administrative Clerk, Administrative Secretary (Admin Secretary), Administrative Specialist (Admin Specialist), Administrative Support Assistant (ASA), Administrative Technician, Department Secretary, Office Assistant, Secretary, Staff Assistant

Tasks:

Answer telephones and give information to callers, take messages, or transfer calls to appropriate individuals.
Greet visitors or callers and handle their inquiries or direct them to the appropriate persons according to their needs.
Create, maintain, and enter information into databases.
Use computers for various applications, such as database management or word processing.
Operate office equipment, such as fax machines, copiers, or phone systems and arrange for repairs when equipment malfunctions.

Detailed Work Activities:

Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.
Discuss account status or activity with customers or patrons.
Greet customers, patrons, or visitors.
Refer customers to appropriate personnel.
Execute sales or other financial transactions.

Work Context:

Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 87% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Electronic Mail — 93% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 79% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 62% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 69% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 58% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 60% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 58% responded “Very important.”
Letters and Memos — 53% responded “Every day.”
Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 58% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 74% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 49% responded “Some freedom.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 41% responded “Very important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 38% responded “Every day.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 34% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 36% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 26% responded “Never.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 50% responded “40 hours.”
Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 87% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Electronic Mail — 93% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 79% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 62% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 69% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 58% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 60% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 58% responded “Very important.”
Letters and Memos — 53% responded “Every day.”
Time Pressure — 41% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 58% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 74% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 49% responded “Some freedom.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 41% responded “Very important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 38% responded “Every day.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 34% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 36% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 26% responded “Never.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 50% responded “40 hours.”

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Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Account Clerk, Accounting Assistant, Accounting Associate, Accounting Clerk, Accounting Specialist, Accounting Technician, Accounts Payable Clerk, Accounts Payable Specialist, Accounts Payables Clerk, Accounts Receivable Clerk

Tasks:

Operate computers programmed with accounting software to record, store, and analyze information.
Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and proper codes.
Comply with federal, state, and company policies, procedures, and regulations.
Operate 10-key calculators, typewriters, and copy machines to perform calculations and produce documents.
Receive, record, and bank cash, checks, and vouchers.

Detailed Work Activities:

Maintain financial or account records.
Operate computers or computerized equipment.
Execute sales or other financial transactions.
Verify accuracy of financial or transactional data.
Compile data or documentation.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 94% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 86% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 81% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 67% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 66% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Spend Time Sitting — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 60% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 43% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 46% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 35% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 34% responded “Limited freedom.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 42% responded “Very important results.”
Deal With External Customers — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 34% responded “Important.”
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 30% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 31% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Electronic Mail — 94% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 86% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 81% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 67% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 66% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Spend Time Sitting — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 60% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 43% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 43% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 46% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 35% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 34% responded “Limited freedom.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 42% responded “Very important results.”
Deal With External Customers — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 34% responded “Important.”
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 30% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 31% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”

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First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

Directly supervise and coordinate the activities of clerical and administrative support workers.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Accounting Manager, Accounts Payable Supervisor, Accounts Receivable Manager, Administrative Supervisor, Customer Service Manager, Customer Service Supervisor, Office Coordinator, Office Manager, Office Supervisor, Staff Services Manager

Tasks:

Supervise the work of office, administrative, or customer service employees to ensure adherence to quality standards, deadlines, and proper procedures, correcting errors or problems.
Resolve customer complaints or answer customers’ questions regarding policies and procedures.
Provide employees with guidance in handling difficult or complex problems or in resolving escalated complaints or disputes.
Review records or reports pertaining to activities such as production, payroll, or shipping to verify details, monitor work activities, or evaluate performance.
Discuss job performance problems with employees to identify causes and issues and to work on resolving problems.

Detailed Work Activities:

Supervise clerical or administrative personnel.
Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
Train personnel.
Respond to customer problems or complaints.
Examine documents to verify adherence to requirements.

Work Context:

Face-to-Face Discussions — 96% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 98% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 74% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Electronic Mail — 89% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 48% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Spend Time Sitting — 61% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 42% responded “Extremely important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 37% responded “Extremely important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 37% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Very important results.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 70% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 61% responded “40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 41% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 48% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 26% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 96% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 98% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 74% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Electronic Mail — 89% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 48% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 48% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Spend Time Sitting — 61% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 42% responded “Extremely important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 37% responded “Extremely important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 39% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 37% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 35% responded “Very important results.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 70% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 61% responded “40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 33% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 41% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 48% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 26% responded “Extremely important.”

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Receptionists and Information Clerks

Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Clerk Specialist, Front Desk Receptionist, Greeter, Information Assistant (Info Assistant), Medical Receptionist, Member Services Representative (Member Services Rep), Office Assistant, Receptionist, Registration Clerk, Scheduler

Tasks:

Operate telephone switchboard to answer, screen, or forward calls, providing information, taking messages, or scheduling appointments.
Greet persons entering establishment, determine nature and purpose of visit, and direct or escort them to specific destinations.
Receive payment and record receipts for services.
Schedule appointments and maintain and update appointment calendars.
Transmit information or documents to customers, using computer, mail, or facsimile machine.

Detailed Work Activities:

Schedule appointments.
Answer telephones to direct calls or provide information.
Greet customers, patrons, or visitors.
Collect deposits, payments or fees.
Analyze operational or research data.

Work Context:

Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 88% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 88% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 68% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 77% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 84% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 73% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 53% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 50% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 41% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 63% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 47% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 47% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 34% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 25% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 88% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 88% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 68% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 77% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 84% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 73% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 63% responded “Very important results.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 57% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 53% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 50% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 41% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 63% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 47% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 47% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Physical Proximity — 52% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 34% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 25% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”

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Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Account Representative, Customer Account Technician, Inside Salesperson, Outside Sales Representative, Route Sales Representative, Sales Consultant, Sales Professional, Sales Representative (Sales Rep), Salesman, Salesperson

Tasks:

Answer customers’ questions about products, prices, availability, product uses, and credit terms.
Recommend products to customers, based on customers’ needs and interests.
Estimate or quote prices, credit or contract terms, warranties, and delivery dates.
Consult with clients after sales or contract signings to resolve problems and to provide ongoing support.
Prepare sales contracts and order forms.

Detailed Work Activities:

Negotiate prices or other sales terms.
Purchase stocks of merchandise or supplies.
Coordinate sales campaigns.
Monitor inventories of products or materials.
Set up merchandise displays.

Work Context:

Contact With Others — 100% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 92% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 92% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail — 80% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 89% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 71% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 72% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 67% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions
Coordinate or Lead Others — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 66% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Very important results.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 61% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 43% responded “Highly competitive.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Very important.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 39% responded “Extremely important.”
Letters and Memos — 64% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 39% responded “Less than half the time.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 31% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 36% responded “Limited responsibility.”
Physical Proximity — 61% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Exposed to Contaminants — 30% responded “Never.”
Contact With Others — 100% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 92% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 92% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail — 80% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 89% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 71% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 72% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 67% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions
Coordinate or Lead Others — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 66% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 44% responded “Very important results.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 61% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 43% responded “Highly competitive.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Very important.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 39% responded “Extremely important.”
Letters and Memos — 64% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 39% responded “Less than half the time.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 31% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 36% responded “Limited responsibility.”
Physical Proximity — 61% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Exposed to Contaminants — 30% responded “Never.”

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Insurance Sales Agents

Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other types of insurance. May refer clients to independent brokers, work as an independent broker, or be employed by an insurance company.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Insurance Agent, Insurance Broker, Insurance Sales Agent, Sales Agent, Sales Associate, Sales Representative, Underwriting Sales Representative

Tasks:

Customize insurance programs to suit individual customers, often covering a variety of risks.
Sell various types of insurance policies to businesses and individuals on behalf of insurance companies, including automobile, fire, life, property, medical and dental insurance, or specialized policies, such as marine, farm/crop, and medical malpractice.
Explain features, advantages, and disadvantages of various policies to promote sale of insurance plans.
Perform administrative tasks, such as maintaining records and handling policy renewals.
Seek out new clients and develop clientele by networking to find new customers and generate lists of prospective clients.

Detailed Work Activities:

Customize financial products or services to meet customer needs.
Sell products or services.
Explain financial information to customers.
Maintain records of sales or other business transactions.
Take product orders from customers.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 99% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 93% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 84% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 73% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 72% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 82% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Spend Time Sitting — 67% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 58% responded “Very important results.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 56% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 33% responded “Some freedom.”
Letters and Memos — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Level of Competition — 34% responded “Highly competitive.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 34% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 33% responded “Extremely important.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 45% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 33% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 64% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 52% responded “Very important.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 33% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Consequence of Error — 32% responded “Serious.”
Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 100% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 99% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 93% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 84% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 73% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 72% responded “Extremely important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 82% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Spend Time Sitting — 67% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 52% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 58% responded “Very important results.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 56% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 38% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 33% responded “Some freedom.”
Letters and Memos — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Level of Competition — 34% responded “Highly competitive.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 34% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 33% responded “Extremely important.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 45% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 33% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 64% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 52% responded “Very important.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 33% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Consequence of Error — 32% responded “Serious.”

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Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

Plan, direct, or coordinate the selling, buying, leasing, or governance activities of commercial, industrial, or residential real estate properties. Includes managers of homeowner and condominium associations, rented or leased housing units, buildings, or land (including rights-of-way).

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Apartment Manager, Community Association Manager, Community Manager, Lease Administration Supervisor, Leasing Manager, Occupancy Director, On-Site Manager, Property Manager, Real Estate Manager, Resident Manager

Tasks:

Prepare detailed budgets and financial reports for properties.
Manage and oversee operations, maintenance, administration, and improvement of commercial, industrial, or residential properties.
Plan, schedule, and coordinate general maintenance, major repairs, and remodeling or construction projects for commercial or residential properties.
Direct collection of monthly assessments, rental fees, and deposits and payment of insurance premiums, mortgage, taxes, and incurred operating expenses.
Meet with clients to negotiate management and service contracts, determine priorities, and discuss the financial and operational status of properties.

Detailed Work Activities:

Prepare financial documents, reports, or budgets.
Prepare operational budgets.
Direct facility maintenance or repair activities.
Direct organizational operations, projects, or services.
Manage construction activities.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 95% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 84% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 75% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 80% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 60% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 50% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 55% responded “Some freedom.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 45% responded “Very important.”
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 55% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Time Pressure — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 55% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 70% responded “Every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 50% responded “High responsibility.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 45% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 53% responded “More than half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 60% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Level of Competition — 60% responded “Highly competitive.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 50% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Electronic Mail — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 95% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 84% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 75% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 80% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 60% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 50% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 55% responded “Some freedom.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 45% responded “Very important.”
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 55% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Time Pressure — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 55% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 70% responded “Every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 50% responded “High responsibility.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 45% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 53% responded “More than half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 60% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Level of Competition — 60% responded “Highly competitive.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 37% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 50% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 30% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”

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Real Estate Sales Agents

Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such as study property listings, interview prospective clients, accompany clients to property site, discuss conditions of sale, and draw up real estate contracts. Includes agents who represent buyer.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Real Estate Agent, Real Estate Salesperson, Realtor, Realtor Associate, Sales Agent

Tasks:

Prepare documents such as representation contracts, purchase agreements, closing statements, deeds, and leases.
Present purchase offers to sellers for consideration.
Act as an intermediary in negotiations between buyers and sellers, generally representing one or the other.
Generate lists of properties that are compatible with buyers’ needs and financial resources.
Confer with escrow companies, lenders, home inspectors, and pest control operators to ensure that terms and conditions of purchase agreements are met before closing dates.

Detailed Work Activities:

Negotiate prices or other sales terms.
Prepare sales or other contracts.
Obtain property information.
Coordinate activities with suppliers, contractors, clients, or other departments.
Develop content for sales presentations or other materials.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 95% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Telephone — 95% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 85% responded “Extremely competitive.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 72% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 81% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 67% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 62% responded “Every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 81% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 76% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 52% responded “Very important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 45% responded “Every day.”
Letters and Memos — 53% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 43% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 53% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 38% responded “Very important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 42% responded “Very important.”
Physical Proximity — 53% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Work With Work Group or Team — 32% responded “Very important.”
Consequence of Error — 35% responded “Very serious.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 32% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 43% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Sitting — 57% responded “About half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 42% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 95% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Telephone — 95% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 85% responded “Extremely competitive.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 72% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 81% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 67% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 62% responded “Every day.”
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Equipment — 81% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 76% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 52% responded “Very important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 45% responded “Every day.”
Letters and Memos — 53% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 43% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 53% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 38% responded “Very important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 42% responded “Very important.”
Physical Proximity — 53% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Work With Work Group or Team — 32% responded “Very important.”
Consequence of Error — 35% responded “Very serious.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 32% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 43% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Spend Time Sitting — 57% responded “About half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 42% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”

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Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Administrative Aide, Administrative Assistant, Administrative Associate, Administrative Coordinator, Administrative Secretary, Administrative Specialist, Executive Administrative Assistant, Executive Assistant, Executive Secretary, Office Assistant

Tasks:

Manage and maintain executives’ schedules.
Make travel arrangements for executives.
Prepare invoices, reports, memos, letters, financial statements, and other documents, using word processing, spreadsheet, database, or presentation software.
Coordinate and direct office services, such as records, departmental finances, budget preparation, personnel issues, and housekeeping, to aid executives.
Answer phone calls and direct calls to appropriate parties or take messages.

Detailed Work Activities:

Schedule operational activities.
Execute sales or other financial transactions.
Make travel, accommodations, or entertainment arrangements for others.
Prepare research or technical reports.
Maintain medical records.

Work Context:

Telephone — 99% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 97% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 80% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 74% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 53% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 80% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 44% responded “Some freedom.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Letters and Memos — 38% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 46% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 66% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 30% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 26% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “More than half the time.”
Telephone — 99% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 97% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 80% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 74% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 53% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 80% responded “Every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 44% responded “Some freedom.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Letters and Memos — 38% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 47% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 46% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 66% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 30% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 26% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “More than half the time.”

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Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

Compile and record employee time and payroll data. May compute employees’ time worked, production, and commission. May compute and post wages and deductions, or prepare paychecks.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Payroll Assistant, Payroll Clerk, Payroll Coordinator, Payroll Representative, Payroll Specialist, Payroll Technician, Personnel Assistant, Personnel Technician, Timekeeper

Tasks:

Verify attendance, hours worked, and pay adjustments, and post information onto designated records.
Process and issue employee paychecks and statements of earnings and deductions.
Compute wages and deductions, and enter data into computers.
Process paperwork for new employees and enter employee information into the payroll system.
Prepare and balance period-end reports, and reconcile issued payrolls to bank statements.

Detailed Work Activities:

Verify employee information.
Execute sales or other financial transactions.
Record personnel information.
Enter information into databases or software programs.
Calculate financial data.

Work Context:

Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 91% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 83% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 82% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Telephone — 72% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 85% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 85% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 86% responded “Every day.”
Time Pressure — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 61% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 43% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 65% responded “Important results.”
Contact With Others — 32% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “40 hours.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 37% responded “About half the time.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 41% responded “Never.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 91% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 83% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 82% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Telephone — 72% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 85% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 85% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 86% responded “Every day.”
Time Pressure — 49% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Letters and Memos — 61% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 43% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 65% responded “Important results.”
Contact With Others — 32% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “40 hours.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 37% responded “About half the time.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 41% responded “Never.”

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Cost Estimators

Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Acquisition Cost Estimator, Analyst, Construction Estimator, Cost Analyst, Cost Consultant, Cost Engineer, Cost Estimating Analyst, Cost Estimator, Estimating Specialist, Estimator

Tasks:

Analyze blueprints and other documentation to prepare time, cost, materials, and labor estimates.
Confer with engineers, architects, owners, contractors, and subcontractors on changes and adjustments to cost estimates.
Collect historical cost data to estimate costs for current or future products.
Assess cost effectiveness of products, projects or services, tracking actual costs relative to bids as the project develops.
Consult with clients, vendors, personnel in other departments, or construction foremen to discuss and formulate estimates and resolve issues.

Detailed Work Activities:

Estimate costs of goods or services.
Analyze business or financial data.
Confer with others about financial matters.
Assess the cost effectiveness of products, projects, or services.
Monitor financial indicators.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 80% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 64% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 50% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 65% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 43% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 41% responded “Very important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “40 hours.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 55% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 68% responded “Some freedom.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 41% responded “Important results.”
Time Pressure — 55% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Contact With Others — 41% responded “Contact with others about half the time.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 38% responded “Very important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Level of Competition — 41% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 29% responded “Very important.”

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