Information and Communication Technologies – Digital Media

Businesses in every economic sector use information and communication technologies and digital media (ICT-DM) to reach customers and stay competitive in today’s global marketplace. As these technologies continue to evolve, there will be an ongoing need for skilled, creative, and technologically savvy workers in this sector. In particular, cybersecurity is projected to grow substantially over the next ten years, with some analysts projecting a 30% growth rate through 2029.

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Region

North Far North

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47,018

2023 Jobs

+5%

2023–2028 Projected Change

29.96/hr.

2023 Avg. Entry Level Wage

Top jobs that Require Community College Credentials

How much will I make per hour?

What can I train for?	Job openings per year	Entry-level	Median	Experienced	Programs
Computer User Support Specialists	944	$34.80	$47.73	$55.52	View programs
Software Developers	580	$53.78	$67.82	$82.67	View programs
Computer Occupations, All Other	267	$29.97	$49.06	$66.62	View programs
Computer Systems Analysts	219	$39.84	$52.94	$65.85	View programs
Graphic Designers	142	$20.86	$30.56	$40.68	View programs
Network and Computer Systems Administrators	120	$36.52	$46.92	$59.37	View programs
Photographers	99	$16.63	$24.12	$44.01	View programs
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers	73	$39.41	$54.03	$66.65	View programs
Computer Network Support Specialists	61	$30.80	$39.31	$49.40	View programs
Web and Digital Interface Designers	56	$26.78	$43.74	$69.44	View programs
Computer Programmers	46	$33.78	$47.56	$62.65	View programs
Audio and Video Technicians	45	$20.23	$24.58	$34.00	View programs
Web Developers	38	$28.30	$41.36	$59.20	View programs
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys	19	$22.56	$30.69	$40.59	View programs

Computer User Support Specialists

Job openings per year:

944

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $34.80/hr.
Median: $47.73/hr.
Experienced: $55.52/hr.

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Software Developers

Job openings per year:

580

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $53.78/hr.
Median: $67.82/hr.
Experienced: $82.67/hr.

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Computer Occupations, All Other

Job openings per year:

267

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $29.97/hr.
Median: $49.06/hr.
Experienced: $66.62/hr.

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Computer Systems Analysts

Job openings per year:

219

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $39.84/hr.
Median: $52.94/hr.
Experienced: $65.85/hr.

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Graphic Designers

Job openings per year:

142

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $20.86/hr.
Median: $30.56/hr.
Experienced: $40.68/hr.

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Network and Computer Systems Administrators

Job openings per year:

120

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $36.52/hr.
Median: $46.92/hr.
Experienced: $59.37/hr.

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Photographers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $16.63/hr.
Median: $24.12/hr.
Experienced: $44.01/hr.

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Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $39.41/hr.
Median: $54.03/hr.
Experienced: $66.65/hr.

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Computer Network Support Specialists

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $30.80/hr.
Median: $39.31/hr.
Experienced: $49.40/hr.

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Web and Digital Interface Designers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $26.78/hr.
Median: $43.74/hr.
Experienced: $69.44/hr.

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Computer Programmers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $33.78/hr.
Median: $47.56/hr.
Experienced: $62.65/hr.

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Audio and Video Technicians

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $20.23/hr.
Median: $24.58/hr.
Experienced: $34.00/hr.

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Web Developers

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $28.30/hr.
Median: $41.36/hr.
Experienced: $59.20/hr.

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Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

Job openings per year:

How much will I make?

Entry-level: $22.56/hr.
Median: $30.69/hr.
Experienced: $40.59/hr.

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Top Employers & Skills

Employers

State of California
Accenture
University of California
Deloitte
Intel
California Public Employees' Retirement System
Sutter Health
Marriott International
Apple
Gainwell Technologies
California Physicians' Service
Adventist Health
Golden 1 Credit Union
University Enterprises
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Northrop Grumman
Ford
Calstrs
Agile Global Solutions
GovCIO

Specialized skills

Computer Science
Project Management
SQL (Programming Language)
Automation
Agile Methodology
Technical Support
Python (Programming Language)
Workflow Management
Operating Systems
Microsoft Azure

Technology & software skills

SQL (Programming Language)
Python (Programming Language)
Microsoft Office (Access, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, Word)
Operating Systems (i.e., Windows, MacOS, Linux, Unix, etc.)
Microsoft Azure
Amazon Web Services
Application Programming Interface (API)
JavaScript (Programming Language)
Linux
Java (Programming Language)

Employability skills

Communication
Management
Troubleshooting (Problem Solving)
Operations
Problem Solving
Leadership
Information Technology
Customer Service
Writing
Planning

Source: Lightcast 2024.3; QCEW, non-QCEW, Self-Employed. Compiled by the North/Far North Center of Excellence for Labor Market Research.

Computer User Support Specialists

Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Computer Support Specialist, Computer Tech (Computer Technician), Desktop Support Technician (Desktop Support Tech), Help Desk Analyst, Help Desk Tech (Help Desk Technician), IS Tech (Information Systems Technician), IT Specialist (Information Technology Specialist), IT Support Specialist (Information Technology Support Specialist), IT Tech (Information Technology Technician), Technical Support Specialist

Tasks:

Oversee the daily performance of computer systems.
Set up equipment for employee use, performing or ensuring proper installation of cables, operating systems, or appropriate software.
Read technical manuals, confer with users, or conduct computer diagnostics to investigate and resolve problems or to provide technical assistance and support.
Answer user inquiries regarding computer software or hardware operation to resolve problems.
Install and perform minor repairs to hardware, software, or peripheral equipment, following design or installation specifications.

Detailed Work Activities:

Monitor computer system performance to ensure proper operation.
Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.
Install computer hardware.
Read documents to gather technical information.
Resolve computer software problems.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 95% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 88% responded “Every day.”
Telephone
Freedom to Make Decisions
Contact With Others
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
Structured versus Unstructured Work
Coordinate or Lead Others — 11% responded “Important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
Duration of Typical Work Week
Frequency of Decision Making — 13% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 79% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
Spend Time Sitting
Time Pressure
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
Consequence of Error — 13% responded “Serious.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 95% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 88% responded “Every day.”
Telephone
Freedom to Make Decisions
Contact With Others
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
Structured versus Unstructured Work
Coordinate or Lead Others — 11% responded “Important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results
Duration of Typical Work Week
Frequency of Decision Making — 13% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 79% responded “Very important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
Spend Time Sitting
Time Pressure
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
Consequence of Error — 13% responded “Serious.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results

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Computer Systems Analysts

Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Applications Analyst, Business Systems Analyst, Computer Analyst, Computer Systems Analyst, Computer Systems Consultant, Information Systems Analyst (ISA), IT Analyst (Information Technology Analyst), IT Systems Analyst (Information Technology Systems Analyst), Programmer Analyst, Systems Analyst

Tasks:

Troubleshoot program and system malfunctions to restore normal functioning.
Provide staff and users with assistance solving computer-related problems, such as malfunctions and program problems.
Test, maintain, and monitor computer programs and systems, including coordinating the installation of computer programs and systems.
Use the computer in the analysis and solution of business problems, such as development of integrated production and inventory control and cost analysis systems.
Coordinate and link the computer systems within an organization to increase compatibility so that information can be shared.

Detailed Work Activities:

Troubleshoot issues with computer applications or systems.
Provide technical support for software maintenance or use.
Coordinate software or hardware installation.
Monitor computer system performance to ensure proper operation.
Test software performance.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 79% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 93% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 65% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
Contact With Others — 73% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 63% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 63% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Sitting — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 56% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 81% responded “High responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 61% responded “Important results.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 55% responded “Very important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 54% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Level of Competition — 61% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 42% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Letters and Memos — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Consequence of Error — 43% responded “Serious.”
Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 79% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 93% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 65% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 54% responded “Extremely important.”
Contact With Others — 73% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 63% responded “Extremely important.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 63% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Sitting — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 56% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 81% responded “High responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 61% responded “Important results.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 55% responded “Very important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 54% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Level of Competition — 61% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 42% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Letters and Memos — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Consequence of Error — 43% responded “Serious.”

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Graphic Designers

Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Artist, Brand Designer, Designer, Graphic Artist, Graphic Design Coordinator, Graphic Designer, Online Producer, Production Artist, Publications Designer, Technical Illustrator

Tasks:

Key information into computer equipment to create layouts for client or supervisor.
Review final layouts and suggest improvements, as needed.
Determine size and arrangement of illustrative material and copy, and select style and size of type.
Develop graphics and layouts for product illustrations, company logos, and Web sites.
Create designs, concepts, and sample layouts, based on knowledge of layout principles and esthetic design concepts.

Detailed Work Activities:

Design layout of art or product exhibits, displays, or promotional materials.
Collaborate with others to develop or refine designs.
Review art or design materials.
Design layouts for print publications.
Create computer-generated graphics or animation.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 90% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 79% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 70% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 53% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 74% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 53% responded “Highly competitive.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 47% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 55% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 37% responded “Important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 32% responded “Very important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 37% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 40% responded “Important results.”
Letters and Memos — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 32% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
Deal With External Customers — 30% responded “Very important.”
Electronic Mail — 90% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 79% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Time Pressure — 70% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 53% responded “Every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 67% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 74% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 53% responded “Highly competitive.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 47% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 55% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 55% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 40% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 37% responded “Important.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 53% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 32% responded “Very important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 37% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 40% responded “Important results.”
Letters and Memos — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 32% responded “Moderate responsibility.”
Deal With External Customers — 30% responded “Very important.”

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Network and Computer Systems Administrators

Install, configure, and maintain an organization’s local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze network and server resource consumption and control user access. Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination between network and data communications hardware and software.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Information Analyst, Information Technology Specialist (IT Specialist), LAN Specialist (Local Area Network Specialist), Local Area Network Administrator (LAN Administrator), Network Administrator, Network Coordinator, Network Manager, Systems Administrator

Tasks:

Maintain and administer computer networks and related computing environments, including computer hardware, systems software, applications software, and all configurations.
Perform data backups and disaster recovery operations.
Diagnose, troubleshoot, and resolve hardware, software, or other network and system problems, and replace defective components when necessary.
Configure, monitor, and maintain email applications or virus protection software.
Operate master consoles to monitor the performance of computer systems and networks and to coordinate computer network access and use.

Detailed Work Activities:

Maintain computer networks to enhance performance and user access.
Implement security measures for computer or information systems.
Create electronic data backup to prevent loss of information.
Resolve computer network problems.
Resolve computer software problems.

Work Context:

Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 96% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 90% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 71% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 61% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 67% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “More than half the time.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 52% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded “Some freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 71% responded “Very important.”
Time Pressure — 42% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 49% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 34% responded “Moderate results.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 39% responded “Important.”
Letters and Memos — 29% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 44% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 29% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 39% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 29% responded “More than half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 28% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 96% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 90% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 71% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 61% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 67% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Spend Time Sitting — 50% responded “More than half the time.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 56% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 52% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded “Some freedom.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 71% responded “Very important.”
Time Pressure — 42% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 49% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 34% responded “Moderate results.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 39% responded “Important.”
Letters and Memos — 29% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 44% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Sounds, Noise Levels Are Distracting or Uncomfortable — 29% responded “Every day.”
Level of Competition — 39% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 29% responded “More than half the time.”
Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People — 34% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 28% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”

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Photographers

Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject’s appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Advertising Photographer, Commercial Photographer, Graduation Photographer, Newspaper Photographer, Photo Editor, Photographer, Photojournalist, Portrait Photographer, Sports Photographer, Studio Photographer

Tasks:

Adjust apertures, shutter speeds, and camera focus according to a combination of factors, such as lighting, field depth, subject motion, film type, and film speed.
Create artificial light, using flashes and reflectors.
Determine desired images and picture composition, selecting and adjusting subjects, equipment, and lighting to achieve desired effects.
Transfer photographs to computers for editing, archiving, and electronic transmission.
Use traditional or digital cameras, along with a variety of equipment, such as tripods, filters, and flash attachments.

Detailed Work Activities:

Set up still or video cameras or related equipment.
Convert data among multiple digital or analog formats.
Determine technical requirements of productions or projects.
Operate still or video cameras or related equipment.
Create computer-generated graphics or animation.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 86% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 50% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 48% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Level of Competition — 52% responded “Extremely competitive.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 41% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “Some freedom.”
Physical Proximity — 48% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 41% responded “More than half the time.”
Time Pressure — 59% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 45% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 32% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 48% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 41% responded “Very important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 41% responded “Very important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 32% responded “High responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 41% responded “Important results.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 52% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 32% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “Less than half the time.”
Electronic Mail — 95% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 86% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 50% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 48% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 45% responded “Extremely important.”
Level of Competition — 52% responded “Extremely competitive.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 41% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 73% responded “Some freedom.”
Physical Proximity — 48% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 41% responded “More than half the time.”
Time Pressure — 59% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 45% responded “Very important.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 41% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 32% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 48% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 32% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 41% responded “Very important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 41% responded “Very important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 32% responded “High responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 41% responded “Important results.”
Outdoors, Exposed to Weather — 50% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 52% responded “More than half the time.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 32% responded “Very important.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “Less than half the time.”

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Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system and report defects to software or web developers. Create and maintain databases of known defects. May participate in software design reviews to provide input on functional requirements, operational characteristics, product designs, and schedules.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Automation Tester, Information Technology Analyst (IT Analyst), Quality Assurance Analyst (QA Analyst), Quality Assurance Engineer (QA Engineer), Quality Engineer, Software Quality Assurance Analyst (SQA Analyst), Software Quality Assurance Engineer (SQA Engineer), Software Quality Engineer, Software Test Engineer, Test Engineer

Tasks:

Identify, analyze, and document problems with program function, output, online screen, or content.
Document software defects, using a bug tracking system, and report defects to software developers.
Develop testing programs that address areas such as database impacts, software scenarios, regression testing, negative testing, error or bug retests, or usability.
Design test plans, scenarios, scripts, or procedures.
Document test procedures to ensure replicability and compliance with standards.

Detailed Work Activities:

Document operational activities.
Analyze data to identify or resolve operational problems.
Troubleshoot issues with computer applications or systems.
Compile technical information or documentation.
Report maintenance or equipment problems to appropriate personnel.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 75% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 71% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 50% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 58% responded “Extremely important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 65% responded “Some freedom.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 67% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 42% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 47% responded “Contact with others most of the time.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 74% responded “Some freedom.”
Time Pressure — 41% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 59% responded “40 hours.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 38% responded “Very important.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 38% responded “Important results.”
Level of Competition — 42% responded “Moderately competitive.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 35% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Physical Proximity — 70% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 41% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 39% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”

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Computer Network Support Specialists

Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal interruption.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Computer Network Specialist, IT Consultant (Information Technology Consultant), Network Specialist, Network Support Specialist, Network Technical Analyst, Network Technician, Personal Computer Network Analyst, Systems Specialist

Tasks:

Back up network data.
Configure security settings or access permissions for groups or individuals.
Analyze and report computer network security breaches or attempted breaches.
Identify the causes of networking problems, using diagnostic testing software and equipment.
Document network support activities.

Detailed Work Activities:

Create electronic data backup to prevent loss of information.
Implement security measures for computer or information systems.
Analyze security of systems, network, or data.
Resolve computer network problems.
Document network-related activities or tasks.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 94% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 84% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 80% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 79% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 64% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 57% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 49% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 47% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 38% responded “Important results.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 40% responded “Important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 37% responded “More than half the time.”
Letters and Memos — 30% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Deal With External Customers — 35% responded “Extremely important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 30% responded “Every day.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 39% responded “Very important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 35% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 34% responded “Less than half the time.”
Consequence of Error — 36% responded “Fairly serious.”
Physical Proximity — 78% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Electronic Mail — 94% responded “Every day.”
Telephone — 93% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 84% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 80% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 79% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 68% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 64% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 57% responded “Some freedom.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 49% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Time Pressure — 40% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 47% responded “40 hours.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 38% responded “Important results.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 40% responded “Important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 37% responded “More than half the time.”
Letters and Memos — 30% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Deal With External Customers — 35% responded “Extremely important.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 30% responded “Every day.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 39% responded “Very important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 35% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 34% responded “Less than half the time.”
Consequence of Error — 36% responded “Fairly serious.”
Physical Proximity — 78% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 39% responded “Continually or almost continually.”

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Computer Programmers

Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Analyst Programmer, Application Programmer Analyst, Computer Programmer, Computer Programmer Analyst, Internet Programmer, Java Developer, Programmer, Programmer Analyst, Web Applications Programmer, Web Programmer

Tasks:

Write, analyze, review, and rewrite programs, using workflow chart and diagram, and applying knowledge of computer capabilities, subject matter, and symbolic logic.
Correct errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced.
Perform or direct revision, repair, or expansion of existing programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements.
Write, update, and maintain computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment.
Consult with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes.

Detailed Work Activities:

Modify software programs to improve performance.
Write computer programming code.
Test software performance.
Resolve computer software problems.
Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 100% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 90% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Face-to-Face Discussions
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 64% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 41% responded “Extremely important.”
Contact With Others — 66% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Time Pressure — 40% responded “Every day.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 24% responded “40 hours.”
Level of Competition — 46% responded “Highly competitive.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 29% responded “Some freedom.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 31% responded “Some freedom.”
Telephone — 33% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 36% responded “Never.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 40% responded “Minor results.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 31% responded “Not important at all.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls

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Audio and Video Technicians

Set up, maintain, and dismantle audio and video equipment, such as microphones, sound speakers, connecting wires and cables, sound and mixing boards, video cameras, video monitors and servers, and related electronic equipment for live or recorded events, such as concerts, meetings, conventions, presentations, podcasts, news conferences, and sporting events.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Audio Technician, Audio Visual Specialist (AV Specialist), AV Tech (Audio Visual Technician), Media Technician, Operations Technician, Stagehand, Video Technician

Tasks:

Notify supervisors when major equipment repairs are needed.
Diagnose and resolve media system problems.
Direct and coordinate activities of assistants and other personnel during production.
Compress, digitize, duplicate, and store audio and video data.
Install, adjust, and operate electronic equipment to record, edit, and transmit radio and television programs, motion pictures, video conferencing, or multimedia presentations.

Detailed Work Activities:

Notify others of equipment problems.
Maintain recording or broadcasting equipment.
Maintain records, documents, or other files.
Convert data among multiple digital or analog formats.
Coordinate activities of production personnel.

Work Context:

Face-to-Face Discussions — 89% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 90% responded “Every day.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 74% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 56% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 68% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Telephone — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 56% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 51% responded “Very important results.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 45% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Contact With Others — 55% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 44% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 34% responded “About half the time.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 54% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 44% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 30% responded “Less than half the time.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 33% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 89% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 90% responded “Every day.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 74% responded “Extremely important.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 76% responded “Extremely important.”
Electronic Mail
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 56% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 68% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Telephone — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 60% responded “Extremely important.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 56% responded “Very high responsibility.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 51% responded “Very important results.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 45% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Contact With Others — 55% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Time Pressure — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 44% responded “Extremely important.”
Spend Time Sitting — 34% responded “About half the time.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 54% responded “Every day.”
Physical Proximity — 44% responded “Slightly close (e.g., shared office).”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 30% responded “Less than half the time.”
Responsible for Others’ Health and Safety — 33% responded “Very high responsibility.”

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Web Developers

Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Technology Applications Engineer, Web Architect, Web Design Specialist, Web Developer, Webmaster

Tasks:

Write supporting code for Web applications or Web sites.
Design, build, or maintain Web sites, using authoring or scripting languages, content creation tools, management tools, and digital media.
Back up files from Web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems.
Select programming languages, design tools, or applications.
Evaluate code to ensure that it is valid, is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers, devices, or operating systems.

Detailed Work Activities:

Design websites or web applications.
Write computer programming code.
Update website content.
Create electronic data backup to prevent loss of information.
Test software performance.

Work Context:

Electronic Mail — 92% responded “Every day.”
Spend Time Sitting — 79% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 58% responded “Some freedom.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 79% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 67% responded “Every day.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 46% responded “Very important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 63% responded “More than 40 hours.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks — 46% responded “Extremely important.”
Telephone — 42% responded “Every day.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 67% responded “Some freedom.”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 46% responded “More than half the time.”
Time Pressure — 58% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 38% responded “Extremely important.”
Contact With Others — 38% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Level of Competition — 58% responded “Highly competitive.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 33% responded “Important results.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 33% responded “Once a year or more but not every month.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 42% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Responsibility for Outcomes and Results — 38% responded “Limited responsibility.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 42% responded “Important.”

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Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys

Speak or read from scripted materials, such as news reports or commercial messages, on radio, television, or other communications media. May play and queue music, announce artist or title of performance, identify station, or interview guests.

Sample of reported job titles:

Sample of reported job titles: Anchor, Announcer, DJ (Disc Jockey), Host, Morning Show Host, News Anchor, Radio Announcer, Television News Anchor (TV News Anchor)

Tasks:

Operate control consoles.
Record commercials for later broadcast.
Announce musical selections, station breaks, commercials, or public service information, and accept requests from listening audience.
Study background information to prepare for programs or interviews.
Read news flashes to inform audiences of important events.

Detailed Work Activities:

Operate control consoles for sound, lighting or video.
Perform for recordings.
Inform viewers, listeners, or audiences.
Gather information for news stories.
Report news to the public.

Work Context:

Telephone — 92% responded “Every day.”
Face-to-Face Discussions — 80% responded “Every day.”
Frequency of Decision Making — 90% responded “Every day.”
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results — 73% responded “Very important results.”
Time Pressure — 80% responded “Every day.”
Electronic Mail — 85% responded “Every day.”
Contact With Others — 83% responded “Constant contact with others.”
Work With Work Group or Team — 65% responded “Extremely important.”
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate — 70% responded “Extremely important.”
Structured versus Unstructured Work — 48% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Level of Competition — 58% responded “Extremely competitive.”
Freedom to Make Decisions — 45% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Spend Time Sitting — 44% responded “Continually or almost continually.”
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled — 71% responded “Every day.”
Deal With External Customers — 16% responded “Very important.”
Coordinate or Lead Others — 23% responded “Fairly important.”
Duration of Typical Work Week — 50% responded “40 hours.”
Letters and Memos — 39% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls — 23% responded “Never.”
Public Speaking — 45% responded “Once a month or more but not every week.”
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
Frequency of Conflict Situations — 45% responded “Once a week or more but not every day.”
Physical Proximity — 47% responded “Moderately close (at arm’s length).”
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions — 27% responded “More than half the time.”

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